Homegardens have long been recognized for contributing to household food security, nutritional status, and ecological sustainability in especially poor, rural areas in low-income countries. However, as markets and policies drive the commercialization of food and farming systems, and of rural livelihoods in general, it becomes increasingly difficult for small-holder farmers to maintain homegarden plots. Rather than autonomous spaces to grow food for self-consumption, farmers are transforming the land around their dwellings into an income-generating space by planting commercial crops for sale in urban and processing markets. The objective of this study was to examine homegarden commercialization in the Upper Citarum Watershed of West Java, Indonesia, and its effects on food security and food sovereignty. We employed a mixed-method approach to survey 81 village households involved in agricultural production. For quantitative analysis, we calculated a “homegarden commercialization index,” and developed indicator frameworks to examine relationships between commercialization, household food security, and food-related decision-making. Accompanied by insights from qualitative interviews, our results show that homegardens are highly commercialized, which contributes to the spread of monocultural production in the region. We argue that homegardens should be included and supported in food, agricultural, health, environmental, and rural development policy, in Indonesia and generally.

中文翻译：

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家庭花园商品化：程度，家庭特征及其对印度尼西亚农村地区粮食安全和粮食主权的影响

长期以来，人们一直认为家庭园艺为低收入国家的特别贫困农村地区的家庭粮食安全，营养状况和生态可持续性做出了贡献。但是，随着市场和政策推动粮食和农业系统以及整个农村生计的商业化，小农户要维持家园就变得越来越困难。农民正在通过种植商业作物在城市和加工市场上出售，而不是将自给自足的空间种植粮食供自己消费，而是将其住宅周围的土地转变为创收空间。这项研究的目的是研究印度尼西亚西爪哇省上奇塔鲁姆流域的家庭商业化及其对粮食安全和粮食主权的影响。我们采用混合方法对81个参与农业生产的村民家庭进行了调查。为了进行定量分析，我们计算了“家庭商品化指数”，并开发了指标框架来检查商品化，家庭粮食安全和与食物相关的决策之间的关系。结合定性访谈的见解，我们的结果表明，家庭园艺高度商业化，这有助于该地区单一文化产品的传播。我们认为，在印度尼西亚乃至整个国家，应在食品，农业，卫生，环境和农村发展政策中纳入和支持家庭园艺。”并制定了指标框架，以研究商业化，家庭粮食安全和与食物相关的决策之间的关系。结合定性访谈的见解，我们的结果表明，家庭园艺高度商业化，这有助于该地区单一文化产品的传播。我们认为，在印度尼西亚乃至整个国家，应在食品，农业，卫生，环境和农村发展政策中纳入和支持家庭园艺。”并制定了指标框架，以研究商业化，家庭粮食安全和与食物相关的决策之间的关系。结合定性访谈的见解，我们的结果表明，家庭园艺高度商业化，这有助于该地区单一文化产品的传播。我们认为，在印度尼西亚乃至整个国家，应在食品，农业，卫生，环境和农村发展政策中纳入和支持家庭园艺。