Biochar is a pyrogenous, organic material synthesized through pyrolysis of different biomass (plant or animal waste). The potential biochar applications include: (1) pollution remediation due to high CEC and specific surface area; (2) soil fertility improvement on the way of liming effect, enrichment in volatile matter and increase of pore volume, (3) carbon sequestration due to carbon and ash content, etc. Biochar properties are affected by several technological parameters, mainly pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind, which differentiation can lead to products with a wide range of values of pH, specific surface area, pore volume, CEC, volatile matter, ash and carbon content. High pyrolysis temperature promotes the production of biochar with a strongly developed specific surface area, high porosity, pH as well as content of ash and carbon, but with low values of CEC and content of volatile matter. This is most likely due to significant degree of organic matter decomposition. Biochars produced from animal litter and solid waste feedstocks exhibit lower surface areas, carbon content, volatile matter and high CEC compared to biochars produced from crop residue and wood biomass, even at higher pyrolysis temperatures. The reason for this difference is considerable variation in lignin and cellulose content as well as in moisture content of biomass. The physicochemical properties of biochar determine application of this biomaterial as an additive to improve soil quality. This review succinctly presents the impact of pyrolysis temperature and the type of biomass on the physicochemical characteristics of biochar and its impact on soil fertility.

生物炭是通过热解不同生物质（植物或动物废物）而合成的热源有机材料。潜在的生物炭应用包括：（1）高CEC和比表面积引起的污染修复；（2）改善土壤肥力的方式，包括增加灰分作用，增加挥发物的含量和增加孔隙的体积；（3）碳和灰分含量导致的碳固存等。生物炭的性能受几个技术参数的影响，主要是热解温度和原料种类的差异会导致产品的pH值，比表面积，孔容，CEC，挥发物，灰分和碳含量变化范围很大。较高的热解温度可促进具有较高比表面积，高孔隙率，pH以及灰分和碳含量的生物炭的生产，但CEC值低且挥发性物质含量低。这很可能是由于有机物分解的程度很高。与动物残渣和木材生物质产生的生物炭相比，即使在更高的热解温度下，与动物废弃物和固体废物原料产生的生物炭相比，其表面积，碳含量，挥发性物质和较高的CEC仍较低。产生这种差异的原因是木质素和纤维素含量以及生物质的水分含量存在很大差异。生物炭的理化特性决定了这种生物材料作为添加剂改善土壤质量的应用。这篇综述简要地介绍了热解温度和生物量类型对生物炭的理化特性的影响及其对土壤肥力的影响。