Abstract Matrix effect (ME) in gas chromatography (GC) is usually due to undesired interactions with active sites in the inlet and column which can lead to analyte losses and/or peak tailing. Analyte protectants (APs) are compounds added individually or in combination to interact with the active sites and minimize errors related to ME. However, the current Aps mixtures/introducing approach cannot sufficiently compensate for ME in all cases. In this study, a comparison (based on sensitivity and peak shape) between thirteen different Aps (2,3-Butanediol, 3-O-ethylglycerol, d -Fructose, d -Gluconic acid γ-lactone, d -Glucose, d -Ribonic acid γ-lactone, d -Ribose, D-Sorbitol, l -Gulonic acid γ-lactone, Menthol, Polyethylene glycol, Triglycerol and Vanillinin) four different solvents (n-hexane, acetone, acetonitrile and ethyl acetate) for 224 pesticides is presented. The comparison was done between solvent based calibration and extracts of one selected difficult matrices (strawberry), prepared according to the citrate-buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure. Each Ap had different behavior for each solvent. In general, acetonitrile showed the most susceptibility to polar Aps, followed by acetone, then ethyl acetate and then n-hexane. However, in the absence of Aps, peak shapes were best for n-hexane, then ethyl acetate, then acetone and then acetonitrile. Based on their results, a mixture of seven Aps was chosen. To ease their introduction, the sandwich injection approach (SIA) was used. Several factors were studied such as the calibration solvent, Aps solvent and Aps concentration. For acetonitrile calibration, the ME of 213/224 (95%) pesticides were ≤ 20% in one Aps mixture compared to 36 pesticides (16%) in non-protected mixtures. For n-hexane:acetone (9:1) calibration, the ME of 221/224 (99%) pesticides were ≤ 20% in one Aps mixture compared to 102 pesticides (45%) in non-protected mixtures.

中文翻译：

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GC-MS/MS 中分析物保护剂和夹心进样的组合补偿农药残留的基质效应

摘要 气相色谱 (GC) 中的基质效应 (ME) 通常是由于与进样口和色谱柱中的活性位点发生不希望的相互作用，从而导致分析物损失和/或峰拖尾。分析物保护剂 (AP) 是单独或组合添加的化合物，可与活性位点相互作用并最大限度地减少与 ME 相关的错误。然而，当前的 Aps 混合/引入方法不能在所有情况下充分补偿 ME。在本研究中，对 13 种不同的 Aps（2,3-丁二醇、3-O-乙基甘油、d-果糖、d-葡萄糖酸 γ-内酯、d-葡萄糖、d-核糖）进行了比较（基于灵敏度和峰形）酸γ-内酯、d-核糖、D-山梨糖醇、l-古洛糖酸γ-内酯、薄荷醇、聚乙二醇、甘油三酯和香兰素）四种不同的溶剂（正己烷、丙酮、乙腈和乙酸乙酯）用于 224 种农药。比较了溶剂校准和一种选定的困难基质（草莓）的提取物，这些基质是根据柠檬酸盐缓冲的 QuEChERS（快速、简单、廉价、有效、耐用和安全）程序制备的。每个 Ap 对每种溶剂都有不同的行为。一般来说，乙腈对极性 Aps 最敏感，其次是丙酮，然后是乙酸乙酯，然后是正己烷。然而，在没有 Aps 的情况下，峰形最适合正己烷，然后是乙酸乙酯，然后是丙酮，然后是乙腈。根据他们的结果，选择了七个 Aps 的混合物。为了简化它们的介绍，使用了夹心注射方法 (SIA)。研究了几个因素，例如校准溶剂、Aps 溶剂和 Aps 浓度。对于乙腈校准，与未受保护混合物中的 36 种农药 (16%) 相比，213/224 (95%) 农药在一种 Aps 混合物中的 ME ≤ 20%。对于正己烷:丙酮 (9:1) 校准，与未受保护混合物中的 102 种农药 (45%) 相比，221/224 (99%) 农药在一种 Aps 混合物中的 ME ≤ 20%。