Abstract Several non-governmental initiatives have emerged in the Czech Republic in recent years with the aim to organise the provision of public goods or ecosystem services from agriculture and forestry. These initiatives are usually started by activists (elites) and take forms such as foundations or trust funds, but often present themselves as collective actions of communal interests. This paper sets out to present four cases of such efforts and to show their common and contrasting features in light of their relevance to local needs and possible integration in the future CAP framework. A particular focus is on the community-based character of these initiatives for the provision of public goods. This is done by examining the necessary conditions for the success of collectively managed common pool resources. The research shows that elite-driven non-governmental organisations often emerge because of a lack of interest on the part of public bodies and because local communities do not have the capacity to set up a collective action for the provision of environmentally and socially “beneficial outcomes” (ESBO). The investigated NGOs, however, soon came into conflict with non-involved actors. To improve the governance mechanism, an extension towards a community-based collective action is proposed. However, each step of such a transition is a challenge for the initiatives of the presented case studies. The first critical issue is to find a common interest among actors. Similarly, “sharing power” represents a struggle which consequently delays progress in creating effective internal governance. The difficulty in progressing towards community-based collective action is amplified by the uncertainty concerning property rights induced by the activities of the NGOs and unfavourable socioeconomic and institutional conditions. Finding that the private initiatives are far from being able to transform into community-based collective action, we propose to launch a measure of institutional funding for the coordination and management of their projects – similar to LEADER but more concentrated in scope.

中文翻译：

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从精英驱动到基于社区的治理机制，用于从土地管理中交付公共产品

摘要 近年来，捷克共和国出现了一些非政府倡议，旨在组织提供农业和林业的公共产品或生态系统服务。这些倡议通常由活动家（精英）发起，并采取基金会或信托基金等形式，但通常表现为公共利益的集体行动。本文将介绍四个此类努力的案例，并根据它们与当地需求的相关性以及未来 CAP 框架中可能的整合来展示它们的共同和对比特征。一个特别的重点是这些提供公共物品的举措的基于社区的特征。这是通过检查集体管理的公共池资源成功的必要条件来完成的。研究表明，精英驱动的非政府组织的出现往往是因为公共机构缺乏兴趣，而且当地社区没有能力采取集体行动来提供环境和社会“有益的结果”。 ”（埃斯博）。然而，被调查的非政府组织很快就与未参与的行为者发生冲突。为了改进治理机制，建议扩展到基于社区的集体行动。然而，这种转变的每一步都是对所呈现案例研究的倡议的挑战。第一个关键问题是找到参与者之间的共同利益。同样，“分享权力”代表了一场斗争，因此延迟了创建有效内部治理的进展。非政府组织的活动和不利的社会经济和体制条件导致财产权的不确定性加剧了推进以社区为基础的集体行动的困难。发现私人倡议远不能转化为基于社区的集体行动，我们建议启动一项机构资金措施，以协调和管理他们的项目——类似于 LEADER，但范围更集中。