Abstract The objective of this work was to develop multifunctional hybrid polymers based on bentonite-poly(acrylic acid)-polyesters composites, as potential systems for the development of new strategies for the recovery and improvement of the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils. For this, organoclays with superficial vinyl groups based on bentonite modified by covalent anchoring of trichlorovinylsilane were synthesized. After, polymer composites were synthesized through sequential polymerizations by free radicals with acrylic acid and subsequent polyesterification with citric acid and sorbitol. The hybrid materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis; In addition, the water retention capacity and cationic exchange capacity of the materials were evaluated. Finally, the evaluation of their ability to act as reservoirs of plant growth promoting microorganisms, Azotobacter chroococcum, in dormant state was studied. The results show that these multifunctional hybrid-materials developed in this study can mimic structural and functionally to the soil particles, and even, these can achieve higher water and cation exchange capacities in comparison with natural clays. In addition, the bacterial viability results showed the ability of the Azotobacter chroococcum to encyst, enter in a dormant state under dehydration conditions, conserve itself in the polymer material and maintain the ability to reactivate its metabolism. Our results evidence the multifunctionality of the developed materials, not only contributing potentially to the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of soils, but also allowing the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria contributing to their biological restoration.

中文翻译：

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基于膨润土-聚（丙烯酸）复合材料和山梨糖醇聚酯的新型多功能和生物功能杂化聚合物水凝胶：结构和功能表征

摘要 这项工作的目的是开发基于膨润土-聚（丙烯酸）-聚酯复合材料的多功能杂化聚合物，作为开发恢复和改善土壤化学、物理和生物特性的新策略的潜在系统。为此，合成了基于通过三氯乙烯基硅烷共价锚定改性的膨润土的具有表面乙烯基的有机粘土。之后，通过自由基与丙烯酸的顺序聚合以及随后与柠檬酸和山梨糖醇的聚酯化来合成聚合物复合材料。通过红外光谱、核磁共振和热重分析对杂化材料进行了表征；此外，还评估了材料的保水能力和阳离子交换能力。最后，研究了它们在休眠状态下作为植物生长促进微生物 Azotobacter chroococcum 的储存库的能力。结果表明，本研究中开发的这些多功能杂化材料可以模拟土壤颗粒的结构和功能，甚至与天然粘土相比，它们可以实现更高的水和阳离子交换能力。此外，细菌活力结果表明色球菌固氮菌有能力形成包囊，在脱水条件下进入休眠状态，在聚合物材料中保存自身并保持重新激活其新陈代谢的能力。我们的结果证明了所开发材料的多功能性，不仅有助于改善土壤的物理和化学性质，