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Soybean aphids adapted to host-plant resistance by down regulating putative effectors and up regulating transposable elements.
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103363
Ashley D Yates-Stewart 1 , Josquin Daron 2 , Saranga Wijeratne 3 , Saima Shahid 4 , Hilary A Edgington 5 , R Keith Slotkin 6 , Andy Michel 7
Affiliation  

In agricultural systems, crops equipped with host-plant resistance (HPR) have enhanced protection against pests, and are used as a safe and sustainable tool in pest management. In soybean, HPR can control the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), but certain aphid populations have overcome this resistance (i.e., virulence). The molecular mechanisms underlying aphid virulence to HPR are unknown, but likely involve effector proteins that are secreted by aphids to modulate plant defenses. Another mechanism to facilitate adaptation is through the activity of transposable elements, which can become activated by stress. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing of virulent and avirulent soybean aphids fed susceptible or resistant (Rag1 + Rag2) soybean. Our goal was to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean aphid virulence. Our data showed that virulent aphids mostly down regulate putative effector genes relative to avirulent aphids, especially when aphids were fed susceptible soybean. Decreased expression of effectors may help evade HPR plant defenses. Virulent aphids also transcriptionally up regulate a diverse set of transposable elements and nearby genes, which is consistent with stress adaptation. Our work demonstrates two mechanisms of pest adaptation to resistance, and identifies effector gene targets for future functional testing.

中文翻译:


大豆蚜虫通过下调假定的效应子和上调转座元件来适应寄主植物的抗性。



在农业系统中,具有寄主植物抗性(HPR)的作物可以增强对害虫的保护,并被用作害虫管理的安全和可持续的工具。在大豆中,HPR 可以控制大豆蚜虫(Aphis gigines),但某些蚜虫种群已经克服了这种抗性(即毒力)。蚜虫对 HPR 毒力的分子机制尚不清楚,但可能涉及蚜虫分泌的调节植物防御的效应蛋白。促进适应的另一种机制是通过转座元件的活动,转座元件可以被压力激活。在这项研究中,我们对喂食敏感或抗性 (Rag1 + Rag2) 大豆的有毒和无毒大豆蚜虫进行了 RNA 测序。我们的目标是更好地了解大豆蚜虫毒力的分子机制。我们的数据表明,与无毒蚜虫相比,有毒蚜虫大多下调推定的效应基因,特别是当蚜虫喂食易感大豆时。效应子表达的减少可能有助于逃避 HPR 植物的防御。有毒的蚜虫也在转录上上调一系列不同的转座元件和附近的基因,这与逆境适应是一致的。我们的工作展示了害虫适应抗性的两种机制,并确定了未来功能测试的效应基因目标。
更新日期:2020-03-20
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