The use of fossil resources with the concerning climate change has pushed the development of alternative and sustainable feedstocks for energy, chemicals, and materials production. Lignocellulose is one of the most abundant and promising renewable carbon sources for the transition of a petroleum-based to a bio-based economy. Unlike liquid petroleum oil, the inherent complex polymer structure of the solid lignocellulose makes it recalcitrant for (selective) valorization. Hence, physical and/or chemical pretreatments are usually required to improve the reactivity and/or purity of the feedstock. Promising biorefinery concepts should be able to utilize all components of the lignocellulose. Since cellulose is the most abundant fraction in lignocellulose, this review emphasizes the progress and importance of pretreatment in the conversion of cellulose pulp into chemicals and fuels. The structural and chemical features such as crystallinity, particle size, porosity, and degree of polymerization that influence the reactivity of cellulose are overviewed whenever possible for different reaction types. The advantage and disadvantage of the different approaches for their determination are discussed in detail. The benefits of different pretreatments in bio-chemical and more particularly in chemo-catalytic conversion of cellulose are overviewed. Finally, the future and perspective of (ligno)cellulose pretreatment with regard to cellulose utilization are discussed.

在气候变化引起关注的情况下使用化石资源推动了能源，化学品和材料生产的替代和可持续原料的发展。木质纤维素是石油经济向生物经济过渡的最丰富，最有前途的可再生碳源之一。与液态石油不同，固态木质纤维素固有的复杂聚合物结构使其对（选择性）增值具有顽固性。因此，通常需要物理和/或化学预处理以改善原料的反应性和/或纯度。有前途的生物精炼概念应能够利用木质纤维素的所有成分。由于纤维素是木质纤维素中含量最高的部分，这篇综述强调了预处理在将纤维素纸浆转化为化学品和燃料方面的进展和重要性。只要有可能，对于不同的反应类型，都会概述影响纤维素反应性的结构和化学特征，例如结晶度，粒度，孔隙率和聚合度。详细讨论了确定它们的不同方法的优缺点。概述了在生物化学中，特别是在纤维素的化学催化转化中，不同预处理的益处。最后，讨论了（木质素）纤维素预处理在纤维素利用方面的前景和前景。对于不同的反应类型，尽可能概述影响纤维素反应性的聚合度和聚合度。详细讨论了确定它们的不同方法的优缺点。概述了在生物化学中，特别是在纤维素的化学催化转化中，不同预处理的益处。最后，讨论了（木质素）纤维素预处理在纤维素利用方面的前景和前景。对于不同的反应类型，尽可能概述影响纤维素反应性的聚合度和聚合度。详细讨论了确定它们的不同方法的优缺点。概述了在生物化学中，尤其是在纤维素的化学催化转化中，不同预处理的益处。最后，讨论了（木质素）纤维素预处理在纤维素利用方面的前景和前景。