BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our study aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes and toxicities between passive scattering (PS) proton beam therapy (PBT) and pencil-beam scanning (PBS) PBT for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The multidisciplinary team for liver cancer identified the PBT candidates who were ineligible for resection or radiofrequency ablation. We retrospectively analyzed 172 patients who received PBT for primary HCC from January 2016 to December 2017. The PS with wobbling method was applied with both breath-hold and regular breathing techniques, while the PBS method was utilized only for regular breathing techniques covering the full amplitude of respiration. To maintain the balance of the variables between the PS and PBS groups, we performed propensity score matching. RESULTS The median follow-up duration for the total cohort was 14 months (range, 1-31 months). After propensity score matching, a total of 103 patients (70 in the PS group and 33 in the PBS group) were included in analysis. There were no significant differences in the rates of overall survival (OS), in-field local control (IFLC), out-field intrahepatic control (OFIHC), extrahepatic progression-free survival (EHPFS), and complete response (CR) between the matched groups. In the subgroup analyses, no subgroup showed a significant difference in IFLC between the PS and PBS groups. There was also no significant difference in the toxicity profiles between the groups. CONCLUSION There are no differences in oncologic outcomes, including OS, IFLC, OFIHC, EHPFS, and CR rates, or in the toxicity profiles between PS and PBS PBT for primary HCC.

中文翻译：

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被动散射与笔束扫描质子束治疗肝细胞癌的临床结果比较

背景和目的 我们的研究旨在比较被动散射 (PS) 质子束疗法 (PBT) 和笔形束扫描 (PBS) PBT 治疗原发性肝细胞癌 (HCC) 的肿瘤结果和毒性。材料和方法 肝癌多学科团队确定了不适合切除或射频消融的 PBT 候选者。我们回顾性分析了 2016 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月接受 PBT 治疗原发性 HCC 的 172 名患者。 PS with wobbling 方法适用于屏气和规律呼吸技术，而 PBS 方法仅适用于覆盖全振幅的规律呼吸技术的呼吸。为了保持 PS 和 PBS 组之间变量的平衡，我们进行了倾向评分匹配。结果 整个队列的中位随访时间为 14 个月（范围，1-31 个月）。倾向评分匹配后，共有 103 名患者（PS 组 70 名，PBS 组 33 名）被纳入分析。总生存率（OS）、场内局部控制（IFLC）、场外肝内控制（OFIHC）、肝外无进展生存（EHPFS）和完全缓解（CR）率在两组之间没有显着差异。匹配组。在亚组分析中，没有亚组显示 PS 组和 PBS 组之间 IFLC 的显着差异。各组之间的毒性特征也没有显着差异。结论 在肿瘤学结果方面没有差异，包括 OS、IFLC、OFIHC、EHPFS 和 CR 率，或者 PS 和 PBS PBT 对原发性 HCC 的毒性特征没有差异。