Abstract In the context of increasing urbanization, gardens as a form of urban greenspace are an important resource for the psychological restoration of urban dwellers, while underpinning urban biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services. However, the links between restoration, garden type and biodiversity are not fully understood. In this interdisciplinary study we aimed to identify how the self-reported restoration of gardeners was related to three factors: garden type (domestic vs. allotment gardens), number of plant species in the garden (a dimension of biodiversity) and garden-related stress for gardeners. We analyzed cross-sectional data of approx. 300 leisure gardeners in the city of Zurich, Switzerland, using an analysis of spatial autocorrelation, t-tests of differences of means between garden types and a structural equation model (SEM). The results indicated that being an allotment gardener was associated with higher levels of restoration compared to domestic gardeners. The SEM suggested that restoration was positively related to the number of plant species by way of the perceived restorativeness of the garden. Garden-related stress or negative affect occurred among a number of gardeners and was negatively related to the restoration outcome. This suggests that the negative effects of gardening should be considered in future studies on greenspace and restoration. In the face of shrinking urban greenspace, our study suggests that urban planners could better utilize the benefits of urban gardens, e.g. to reduce income-related health inequalities by providing gardens to residents with lower socio-economic status or to address public health and ecological issues by promoting plant-species rich gardens.

中文翻译：

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与园林类型、生物多样性和园林相关压力相关的城市园林心理恢复

摘要 在城市化进程不断加快的背景下，园林作为城市绿地的一种形式，是城市居民心理恢复的重要资源，同时也是支撑城市生物多样性和提供生态系统服务的重要资源。然而，恢复、花园类型和生物多样性之间的联系尚不完全清楚。在这项跨学科研究中，我们旨在确定园丁自我报告的恢复如何与三个因素相关：花园类型（家庭花园与分配花园）、花园中植物物种的数量（生物多样性的一个维度）和与花园相关的压力对于园丁。我们分析了大约的横截面数据。瑞士苏黎世市的 300 名休闲园丁，使用空间自相关分析，花园类型和结构方程模型 (SEM) 之间均值差异的 t 检验。结果表明，与家庭园丁相比，分配园丁与更高的恢复水平相关。SEM 表明，通过感知花园的恢复性，恢复与植物物种的数量呈正相关。许多园丁发生了与花园相关的压力或负面影响，并且与修复结果呈负相关。这表明在未来的绿地和恢复研究中应该考虑园艺的负面影响。面对不断缩小的城市绿地，我们的研究表明城市规划者可以更好地利用城市花园的好处，例如