Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O₂^.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Enhanced EcSOD activity prevents oxidative stress and damage, which are fundamental in a variety of disease pathologies. In this review we will discuss the findings in humans and animal studies supporting the benefits of EcSOD induced by exercise training in reducing oxidative stress in various tissues. In particularly, we will highlight the importance of skeletal muscle EcSOD, which is induced by endurance exercise and redistributed through the circulation to the peripheral tissues, as a molecular transducer of exercise training to confer protection against oxidative stress and damage in various disease conditions.

细胞外超氧化物歧化酶（EcSOD）是唯一的超氧阴离子（O ₂ ^.- ）细胞外清除剂，通过其肝素结合域具有与细胞表面和细胞外基质独特的结合能力。增强的 EcSOD 活性可防止氧化应激和损伤，而氧化应激和损伤是多种疾病病理的基础。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论人类和动物研究的结果，这些研究结果支持运动训练诱导的 EcSOD 在减少各种组织氧化应激方面的益处。我们特别强调骨骼肌 EcSOD 的重要性，它是由耐力运动诱导的，并通过循环重新分布到周围组织，作为运动训练的分子传感器，可在各种疾病条件下提供针对氧化应激和损伤的保护。