Abstract In order to study driver’s visual characteristics under different curvatures and turning conditions in extra-long urban underwater tunnels, fixation and saccade were herein regarded as the main research objectives. In this study, we carried out real vehicle testing on curved sections with 5 different radii and straight sections of the extra-long urban underwater tunnels. The driver’s fixation characteristics were studied by using fixation distribution, fixation time, fixation frequency, fixation time ratio, and frequency ratio. The driver’s saccade characteristics were investigated by selecting the saccade angle, saccade time, saccade frequency, saccade time ratio, and frequency ratio. Accordingly, mathematical models of the driver’s fixation time, fixation frequency, saccade time, and saccade frequency under different curvatures and turning conditions in the extra-long urban underwater tunnel were established. Combined with the change of visual distance, sight distance, and sight zone, driver’s visual characteristics in the extra-long urban underwater tunnel were further analyzed. The results demonstrated that the smaller the radius of the tunnel, the more focused driver’s fixation time, the greater the psychological pressure, and the lower the safety when driving. Under the same radius, driver’s tension and risk factors were higher during turning left, while driver’s driving mentality was more relaxed and driving situation was further stable in the right-turn.

中文翻译：

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超长城市水下隧道不同弯度和转弯工况下驾驶员视觉特性研究

摘要 为了研究超长城市水下隧道在不同曲率和转弯条件下驾驶员的视觉特性，本文将固定和扫视作为主要研究目标。在本研究中，我们对超长城市水下隧道的5个不同半径的弯曲段和直线段进行了实车测试。通过注视分布、注视时间、注视频率、注视时间比和频率比研究驾驶员的注视特性。通过选择跳视角度、跳视时间、跳视频率、跳视时间比和频率比来研究驾驶员的跳视特性。相应地，驾驶员注视时间、注视频率、扫视时间的数学模型，建立了超长城市水下隧道不同曲率和转弯条件下的扫视频率和扫视频率。结合视距、视距、视域的变化，进一步分析了超长城市水下隧道内驾驶员的视觉特征。结果表明，隧道半径越小，驾驶员的注视时间越集中，心理压力越大，行车安全性越低。相同半径下，驾驶员左转时的紧张度和危险因素较高，而右转时驾驶员的驾驶心态更加放松，驾驶情况更加稳定。进一步分析了超长城市水下隧道中驾驶员的视觉特征。结果表明，隧道半径越小，驾驶员的注视时间越集中，心理压力越大，行车安全性越低。相同半径下，驾驶员左转时的紧张度和危险因素较高，而右转时驾驶员的驾驶心态更加放松，驾驶情况更加稳定。进一步分析了超长城市水下隧道中驾驶员的视觉特征。结果表明，隧道半径越小，驾驶员的注视时间越集中，心理压力越大，行车安全性越低。相同半径下，驾驶员左转时的紧张度和危险因素较高，而右转时驾驶员的驾驶心态更加放松，驾驶情况更加稳定。