The free energy landscape (FEL) depends on temperature by its definition and the FEL is reorganized with time delay when the temperature is modulated. We investigate how the relaxation of the FEL manifests itself in physical properties. Exploiting a simple two-level model for the dielectric relaxation, we first show that the relaxation of the FEL produces time dependence of the relaxation time of the dielectric response. Then we discuss the relaxation of dielectric susceptibility when the temperature is suddenly increased/decreased and show that the susceptibility relaxes to the equilibrium value with the same relaxation time as the FEL in the long time limit. In order to show the general feature of the temperature modulation spectroscopy, we consider the dynamics of an order parameter of the Landau model which has a delayed response to the temperature modulation with relaxation time. When the temperature is modulated sinusoidally, we show that there appear second order responses at the sum and the difference of the frequencies of the external field and the temperature modulation and that the relaxation time of the FEL can be deduced from these two responses.

自由能态（FEL）通过其定义取决于温度，并且在调制温度时，FEL会随着时间延迟而重新组织。我们研究了FEL的弛豫如何在物理性质中表现出来。利用介电弛豫的简单两级模型，我们首先表明FEL的弛豫产生了介电响应弛豫时间的时间依赖性。然后，我们讨论了温度突然升高/降低时介电常数的弛豫，并表明在很长的时间内，磁化率以与FEL相同的弛豫时间弛豫到平衡值。为了显示温度调制光谱的一般特征，我们考虑了Landau模型阶参数的动力学，该阶参数对具有松弛时间的温度调制具有延迟响应。当温度正弦调制时，我​​们表明在外场频率和温度调制的总和和差处会出现二阶响应，并且可以从这两个响应推导出FEL的弛豫时间。