Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a set of sensor nodes, widely spread out across the area and gather information. Some sensor nodes may develop a fault due to various reasons such as environmental effects. Since the occurrence of faults should not affect the desired function and functionality of network, fault management is vital to improve fault tolerance. Here, we classify faults based on their behavior, durability, and the components of network. Then the components of fault management and the challenges of fault management frameworks are represented. Also, other frameworks are analyzed to define their major challenges including energy consumption, fault detection accuracy, delay, the scalability and overhead of network. Other papers have classified fault management frameworks into centralized, distributed, and hierarchical, but we suggest a new classification based on the performance of management of each framework and the number of involved nodes. Next, frameworks have been analyzed and evaluated according to their major challenges. The analyses have provided a chance to offer more accurate and effective fault management frameworks with minimum energy consumption, delay, and overhead.

无线传感器网络（WSN）由一组传感器节点组成，这些传感器节点广泛分布在整个区域并收集信息。一些传感器节点可能由于各种原因（例如环境影响）而产生故障。由于故障的发生不应影响所需的网络功能，因此故障管理对于提高容错能力至关重要。在这里，我们根据故障的行为，耐用性和网络组成对故障进行分类。然后介绍了故障管理的组成部分以及故障管理框架所面临的挑战。此外，还分析了其他框架以定义其主要挑战，包括能耗，故障检测准确性，延迟，网络的可伸缩性和开销。其他论文将故障管理框架分为集中式，分布式和分层式，但是我们建议根据每个框架的管理性能和所涉及的节点数来进行新的分类。接下来，根据框架的主要挑战对框架进行了分析和评估。这些分析为以最小的能耗，延迟和开销提供更准确，有效的故障管理框架提供了机会。