Abstract Wind actions are crucial for the safety and sustainability of structures. The wind climate of Europe and many other parts of the world is dominated by synoptic extra-tropical cyclones and mesoscale thunderstorms. Thunderstorms are frequent events that cause wind speeds and damage often greater than those of cyclones. This paper describes a wide research activity including an extensive monitoring network, an unprecedented database of transient wind speed recordings, a broad spectrum of numerical tools for elaborating data and extracting their statistical properties relevant to the wind loading of structures, the development of wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations, investigations on weather scenarios and damage surveys aiming to complete the information provided by field measurements. Based on these resources, a new generation of wind loading models is being developed – response spectrum technique, time-domain integration, evolutionary spectral density - robustly coherent with measured data and intrinsically coherent with each other. These studies are being carried out in the framework of the project THUNDERR, funded by the European Research Council (ERC) with an Advanced Grant 2016 in order to produce outcomes physically correct, transferable to design and standards, suitable to modify the current wind loading format and make constructions wind-safer and cost-efficient.

中文翻译：

---

雷暴外流的检测、模拟、建模和加载，以设计更安全、更具成本效益的结构

摘要 风作用对结构的安全性和可持续性至关重要。欧洲和世界许多其他地区的风气候以天气性温带气旋和中尺度雷暴为主。雷暴是频繁发生的事件，会导致风速和破坏通常比旋风更大。本文描述了广泛的研究活动，包括广泛的监测网络、前所未有的瞬态风速记录数据库、用于详细阐述数据和提取与结构风荷载相关的统计特性的广泛数值工具、风洞试验的发展和 CFD 模拟、天气情景调查和损害调查，旨在完善现场测量提供的信息。基于这些资源，新一代风荷载模型正在开发中——响应谱技术、时域积分、演化谱密度——与测量数据稳健一致，并且彼此内在一致。这些研究是在 THUNDERR 项目的框架内进行的，该项目由欧洲研究委员会 (ERC) 资助，并获得了 2016 年的高级拨款，以产生物理上正确的结果，可转移到设计和标准，适合修改当前的风荷载格式并使建筑更安全、更经济。