Abstract This paper presents a comparison of the legacy protective functions of commercial power transformer relays with a proposed dynamic state estimation (DSE) based approach. This DSE-based approach continuously monitors the health status of transformer by checking if all measurements match the dynamic model of the transformer. Any inconsistency between the measurement and model indicates a chance of internal fault. Unlike the traditional relays that require many complex settings and coordination, the DSE-based approach only needs to know minimal simple settings and the protection logic is purely based on the transformer health status. Therefore, it avoids many unnecessary failures caused by wrong settings or improper functions coordination. The proposed DSE-based protection approach has been tested on a 40 MVA, 115/35 kV three-phase transformer, along with a set of legacy protection functions. Laboratory implementation of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation is also presented in the paper. Extensive results validate the better performance of the DSE-based approach over the legacy functions.

中文翻译：

---

变压器传统保护功能与基于动态状态估计的方法的比较

摘要 本文将商用电力变压器继电器的传统保护功能与提出的基于动态状态估计 (DSE) 的方法进行比较。这种基于 DSE 的方法通过检查所有测量值是否与变压器的动态模型匹配来持续监控变压器的健康状态。测量值和模型之间的任何不一致都表明存在内部故障的可能性。与需要许多复杂设置和协调的传统继电器不同，基于 DSE 的方法只需要知道最少的简单设置，保护逻辑完全基于变压器的健康状态。因此，它避免了许多由于设置错误或功能协调不当而导致的不必要的故障。建议的基于 DSE 的保护方法已在 40 MVA 上进行了测试，115/35 kV 三相变压器，以及一组传统保护功能。论文中还介绍了硬件在环仿真的实验室实现。广泛的结果验证了基于 DSE 的方法优于传统功能的性能。