Abstract Automotive laminated glass is normally sandwiched by two soda-lime glass layers and one polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer. Though it is a simple composite structure, its mechanical performance including failure behaviour plays an important role in the context of pedestrian-vehicle accidents. This paper develops a numerical approach, including an extrinsic cohesive shell model and a tie-break algorithm, for impact failure analysis of automotive windshield glazing subjected to a dummy pedestrian headform. During impact, cohesive shell elements are adaptively inserted into the windshield finite element model to represent progressive glass cracking. An edge-to-edge approach is proposed to tackle the contacts between glass cracks. The interaction between glass and PVB is switched from tied connection to contact sliding after a defined fracture criterion is satisfied. The effectiveness of the developed numerical approach is validated by comparing the simulation and experimental results in terms of final fracture patterns and acceleration histories. Besides, numerical studies have been conducted to investigate the influences of impact velocity, impact angle, impact location, and boundary constraint condition on head injury criterion values.

中文翻译：

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受假人行人头型影响的汽车挡风玻璃冲击失效的数值模拟

摘要 汽车夹层玻璃通常由两层钠钙玻璃层和一层聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）层夹在中间。虽然它是一种简单的复合结构，但其机械性能（包括失效行为）在行人车辆事故中起着重要作用。本文开发了一种数值方法，包括外部内聚壳模型和决胜局算法，用于汽车挡风玻璃受到假人行人头型影响的碰撞失效分析。在碰撞过程中，粘性壳单元会自适应地插入挡风玻璃有限元模型中，以表示渐进式玻璃开裂。提出了一种边缘到边缘的方法来解决玻璃裂缝之间的接触问题。在满足定义的断裂准则后，玻璃和 PVB 之间的相互作用从绑定连接切换到接触滑动。通过在最终断裂模式和加速度历史方面比较模拟和实验结果，验证了所开发数值方法的有效性。此外，还进行了数值研究，以研究撞击速度、撞击角度、撞击位置和边界约束条件对头部损伤标准值的影响。