In Europe, Dirofilaria immitis persists mainly in the southern countries with a Mediterranean climate. Because spreading of heartworms from these countries towards the northern ones could be observed in the past decades, necropsy records of 4076 Hungarian dogs were reviewed for heartworm infections. The first autochthonous canine D. immitis case was detected on the Great Hungarian Plain in 2007. Until 2011, the number of heartworm infection cases was low, and these cases were restricted to a small part of the Great Hungarian Plain. Since 2012, the number of cases has increased considerably, and the rapid expansion of the parasite's geographic range could also be observed. Our retrospective study has revealed that most of the Hungarian territory became a heartworm endemic region, and the prevalence of infection greatly multiplied over the past 12 years. The establishment, rapid spread, and emergence of D. immitis may be mainly explained by the warming climate in Hungary. However, the partly climate-driven spread of the most important reservoir host in wildlife, the golden jackal (Canis aureus) from the Mediterranean Balkan Peninsula might have also played a significant role. This study is an example of the rapid spread and emergence of pathogens resulting from climate and climate-driven ecological changes. Because a continuous increase in the temperature and further dispersal of golden jackals in Europe are projected, further spread and emergence of heartworm can be expected. Similar spread and emergence of D. immitis could be observed in North America. It cannot be excluded that similar reasons (global warming and rapid dispersal and population growth of the most important wild canine reservoir host) are in the background on both continents.

中文翻译：

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由匈牙利的气候和气候驱动的生态变化导致的丝虫迅速传播和出现。

在欧洲，Dirofilaria炎主要在地中海气候的南部国家持续存在。由于过去几十年来可以观察到丝虫从这些国家向北部蔓延，因此对尸检记录的4076只匈牙利犬进行了尸检，以检查它们是否感染了丝虫。2007年在匈牙利大平原上发现了第一例犬D.肠炎。在2011年之前，心丝虫感染的病例数很低，而且这些病例仅限于匈牙利大平原的一小部分。自2012年以来，病例数大大增加，而且寄生虫的地理范围也在迅速扩大。我们的回顾性研究表明，匈牙利的大部分地区成为丝虫病的流行地区，在过去的12年中，感染的发生率成倍增加。D. immitis的建立，迅速传播和出现可能主要由匈牙利的气候变暖所解释。然而，部分由气候驱动的野生动植物（来自地中海巴尔干半岛的金狐犬）的传播主要是由气候驱动的。这项研究是气候和气候驱动的生态变化导致病原体迅速传播和出现的一个例子。由于预计温度会持续升高，金狐在欧洲进一步扩散，因此可以预期到丝虫会进一步扩散和出现。在北美可以观察到类似的D. immitis传播和出现。