Abstract Our study analyzes the growth response (release or suppression) of Norway spruce trees growing along a landslide zone in eastern Czech Republic. A total of one hundred and eighty-six increment cores were extracted from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) individuals, which were affected by two different disturbances, the Girova landslide in May 2010 and an anthropogenic cut-off in the neighborhood of the landslide later the same year. Growth changes were analysed in three zones that were defined according to the type of effect the disturbance had on the surrounding vegetation. The aims of our study are to (i) detect growth changes in trees that survived the disturbances in 2010, (ii) evaluate the delay time of the growth reaction to the disturbances, (iii) compare how growth changes differed in response to the two different disturbance types (natural landslide vs. anthropogenic harvesting and deforestation), and (iv) investigate spatio-temporal differences in the growth changes. Our results indicate that tree growth changed in response to the altered environmental conditions following the 2010 disturbances. The changes vary depending on the intensity of the disturbance and its effect on the forest stand. Trees in Zone 1 responded with a slight growth release (14.6 % of responding trees), which was strongest after 2013. However, growth suppression (85.4 %) was the dominant reaction in Zone 1; with the majority of trees showing growth suppression in 2014, four years after the events. The strongest and most abrupt growth release (66.1 %) occurred in Zone 2 in 2011, after a one-year delay. Since 2010, we have observed a trend of growth suppression (33.9 %) in this zone. In Zone 3, following a one-year delay, growth release has occurred gradually in about a third of the trees (37.0 %). The majority of trees in this zone have responded with growth suppression (63.0 %) in 2010 and with a three-year delay after 2013. We also found differences in how tree growth responds to anthropogenic and landslide disturbances, as well as spatio-temporal differences related to the extent of post-disturbance changes.

中文翻译：

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沿滑坡体的增长释放和抑制的时空分布

摘要 我们的研究分析了沿着捷克共和国东部滑坡区生长的挪威云杉树的生长响应（释放或抑制）。从挪威云杉 (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) 个体中提取了总共 186 个增量核心，这些个体受到两种不同干扰的影响，即 2010 年 5 月的 Girova 滑坡和同年晚些时候发生的山体滑坡附近。根据干扰对周围植被的影响类型定义了三个区域的生长变化。我们研究的目的是 (i) 检测 2010 年在干扰中幸存下来的树木的生长变化，(ii) 评估生长对干扰的反应延迟时间，(iii) 比较生长变化如何响应两种不同的干扰类型（自然滑坡与人为采伐和森林砍伐），以及 (iv) 调查生长变化的时空差异。我们的结果表明，树木的生长随着 2010 年干扰后环境条件的改变而发生变化。变化取决于干扰的强度及其对林分的影响。1 区的树木以轻微的生长释放（占响应树木的 14.6%）做出反应，这是 2013 年之后最强的。然而，1 区的主要反应是生长抑制（85.4%）；大多数树木在事件发生四年后的 2014 年出现生长抑制。最强劲和最突然的增长释放 (66.1%) 发生在 2011 年的 2 区，延迟了一年。自 2010 年以来，我们观察到该区域出现增长抑制趋势（33.9%）。在第 3 区，经过一年的延迟，大约三分之一的树木（37.0%）逐渐释放生长。该区域的大部分树木在 2010 年以生长抑制（63.0 %）作为响应，并在 2013 年之后延迟了三年。我们还发现树木生长对人为和滑坡干扰的响应方式存在差异，以及时空差异与扰动后变化的程度有关。