Anthropogenic and climatic stressors have affected the forests of Pakistan in recent decades. Several studies have been conducted to understand forest growth and its relation to the changing climate in this region, but more work needs to be done to understand this complex environment. In this study, we have collected tree core samples of three conifer species (Pinus wallichiana, Picea smithiana, and Abies pindrow) from three different sites in northern Pakistan to understand their radial growth patterns with the goal of finding a relationship between ring-width and climatic parameters (temperature, precipitation, and drought). A 610-year (AD 1406 to 2015), a 538-year (AD 1478-2015), and a 306-year (AD 1710-2015) long tree-ring width chronology of Pinus wallichiana, Picea smithiana, and Abies pindrow were developed, respectively, using living trees. The ring-width chronologies of these three species showed a strong positive link with self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) rather than precipitation or temperature alone, indicating soil moisture is the primary limiting climatic factor for the growth of these species in the sample sites. The chronologies of Pinus wallichiana and Picea smithiana exhibited growth suppressions during AD 1570-1610 and the second half of 17^th century while their growth was heightened from AD 1540-1560. From 1900 to 1920 is the lowest growth in the Abies pindrow and also low growth in Picea smithiana suggesting dry conditions. All three chronologies have exhibited the most extreme increase in growth in recent decades for the period of good sample depth, suggesting that this region is experiencing climate change with a strong trend towards wetter conditions.

近几十年来，人为和气候压力因素已经影响了巴基斯坦的森林。已经进行了一些研究来了解该地区森林的生长及其与气候变化之间的关系，但是需要做更多的工作来了解这种复杂的环境。在这项研究中，我们收集了三个针叶树种（树芯样松红豆杉，长叶云杉和冷杉pindrow在巴基斯坦北部三个不同的网站），了解他们的径向生长模式与发现环宽度之间的关系的目标气候参数（温度，降水和干旱）。610年（公元1406年至2015年），538年（公元1478-2015年）和306年（公元1710-2015年）长树年轮宽度年表使用活树分别开发了华山松（Pinus wallichiana），史密斯云杉（Picaa smithiana）和冷杉冷杉（Abies pindrow）。这三个物种的环宽年表显示与自校准的Palmer干旱严重度指数（scPDSI）密切相关，而不仅仅是降水或温度，这表明土壤湿度是样品中这些物种生长的主要限制气候因素网站。的年表松红豆杉和长叶云杉呈现的生长镇压AD 1570至1610年和17年下半年期间^个世纪而它们的生长是从1540至1560年AD提高。从1900年到1920年是Abies pindrow的最低增长此外，史密斯云杉（Picea smithiana）的生长速度缓慢，表明天气干燥。在良好的样本深度期间，这三个时间序列在最近几十年中均表现出最极端的增长，表明该地区正经历着气候变化，并趋向于湿润条件。