Extracellular environment conditions, ionic concentration, pH, osmolality, and temperature influence sperm activation and sperm quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different activating solutions on sperm quality and fertilization rate of fresh and post-thaw sperm in Brycon orbignyanus and Prochilodus vimboides. Activation solutions with ions: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 (150 mOsm kg-1), without ions: glucose (150 mOsm kg-1) and water: reverse osmosis (RO) (∼0 mOsm kg-1) and tank water (TW) were tested. In experiment 1, fresh sperm motility was activated in each activating solution and motility rate (%), motility quality score (0-5), and motility duration (seconds) were subjectively evaluated using a microscope. In experiment 2, sperm was cryopreserved and post-thaw sperm quality was assessed in each activating solution. Methyl glycol was used as cryoprotectant and for B. orbignyanus a solution of BTS® 5% in water reverse osmosis - 325 mOsm kg-1 was used as extender, while for P. vimboides it was used a solution of glucose 5% in water reverse osmosis - 325 mOsm kg-1. In straw, cryoprotectant, extender, sperm were respectively 10%, 80% 10% (V/V). B. orbignyanus fresh sperm activated in NaCl, KCl, glucose solutions, TW and RO yielded higher averages for all the subjective parameters analysed. In fresh sperm of P. vimboides the highest values were observed when glucose solution was used for sperm motility activation, and the highest fertilization rates were observed in samples activated in glucose or RO solutions. B. orbignyanus post-thaw sperm activated in TW (45.1%) or RO (39.7%) presented the highest values for motility. The highest values of curvilinear velocity (VCL) were observed using glucose (69.5 μm s-1), NaCl (67 μm s-1) and KCl (68.4 μm s-1), but the highest fertilization rates were observed when glucose (3.6%), RO (3.5%) and TW (2.5%) were used. P. vimboides post-thaw sperm activated in glucose solution presented the highest motility rate (41%), VCL (43.7 μm s-1), fertilization rate (18.2%) and hatching rate (13.7%). In order to achieve the best seminal quality, fertilization and hatching rates in both fresh and post-thaw sperm, the glucose solution, TW and RO are indicated for use as sperm motility activators in B. orbignyanus, whereas for P. vimboides the glucose solution and RO are indicated.

中文翻译：

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活化溶液对两种洄游淡水鱼的新鲜和冻融精子活力和受精成功率的影响

细胞外环境条件、离子浓度、pH 值、渗透压和温度会影响精子激活和精子质量。本研究的目的是评估不同活化溶液对 Brycon orbignyanus 和 Prochilodus vimboides 新鲜和解冻后精子的精子质量和受精率的影响。含离子的活化溶液：NaCl、KCl、CaCl2 (150 mOsm kg-1)，不含离子：葡萄糖 (150 mOsm kg-1) 和水：反渗透 (RO) (∼0 mOsm kg-1) 和水箱水 (TW) ) 进行了测试。在实验1中，在每个活化溶液中都活化了新鲜精子的活力，并使用显微镜主观评价了活力率(%)、活力质量评分(0-5)和活力持续时间(秒)。在实验 2 中，精子被冷冻保存，并在每个激活溶液中评估解冻后精子的质量。甲基乙二醇用作冷冻保护剂，对于 B. orbignyanus，使用 BTS® 5% 的水反渗透溶液 - 325 mOsm kg-1 作为增量剂，而对于 P. vimboides，则使用 5% 的葡萄糖水溶液反渗透渗透 - 325 mOsm kg-1。在稻草中，冷冻保护剂、稀释剂、精子分别占10%、80%和10%（V/V）。B. orbignyanus 在 NaCl、KCl、葡萄糖溶液、TW 和 RO 中激活的新鲜精子对所有分析的主观参数产生了更高的平均值。在 P. vimboides 的新鲜精子中，当使用葡萄糖溶液激活精子活力时观察到最高值，在葡萄糖或 RO 溶液中激活的样品中观察到最高受精率。B. orbignyanus 在 TW (45.1%) 或 RO (39.7%) 中激活的解冻后精子的运动性最高。使用葡萄糖 (69.5 μm s-1)、NaCl (67 μm s-1) 和 KCl (68.4 μm s-1) 观察到曲线速度 (VCL) 的最高值，但当葡萄糖 (3.6 %)、RO (3.5%) 和 TW (2.5%) 被使用。P. vimboides 在葡萄糖溶液中激活的解冻后精子呈现出最高的运动率 (41%)、VCL (43.7 μm s-1)、受精率 (18.2%) 和孵化率 (13.7%)。为了在新鲜和解冻后的精子中获得最佳的精液质量、受精和孵化率，葡萄糖溶液、TW 和 RO 被指定用作 B. orbignyanus 的精子活力激活剂，而对于 P. vimboides 则使用葡萄糖溶液和 RO 表示。使用 RO (3.5%) 和 TW (2.5%)。P. vimboides 在葡萄糖溶液中激活的解冻后精子呈现出最高的运动率 (41%)、VCL (43.7 μm s-1)、受精率 (18.2%) 和孵化率 (13.7%)。为了在新鲜和解冻后的精子中获得最佳的精液质量、受精和孵化率，葡萄糖溶液、TW 和 RO 被指定用作 B. orbignyanus 的精子活力激活剂，而对于 P. vimboides 则使用葡萄糖溶液和 RO 表示。使用 RO (3.5%) 和 TW (2.5%)。P. vimboides 在葡萄糖溶液中激活的解冻后精子呈现出最高的运动率 (41%)、VCL (43.7 μm s-1)、受精率 (18.2%) 和孵化率 (13.7%)。为了在新鲜和解冻后的精子中获得最佳的精液质量、受精和孵化率，葡萄糖溶液、TW 和 RO 被指定用作 B. orbignyanus 的精子活力激活剂，而对于 P. vimboides 则使用葡萄糖溶液和 RO 表示。