The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. These alterations are controlled by various factors, including cytokines. The present study aimed to screen the effect of several chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL12) on endometrial stromal and endothelial cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed mRNA expression of all examined chemokines and their receptors in primary stromal cells and undetectable levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCR3 in endothelial cells. Immunocytochemical staining showed variable distribution of chemokine receptors in stromal and endothelial cells. All examined chemokines enhanced stromal cell proliferation, and CCL2 and CXCL12 also increased the migratory potential of these cells. The evaluation of a possible indirect effect of chemokines on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis demonstrated that CXCL12 may potentially negatively affect lymphatic vessel creation. Downregulation of VEGFC mRNA and protein expression was noticed after CXCL12 stimulation. Among all examined chemokines, CCL4 and CCL8 positively affected the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. The number of capillary-like structures was significantly reduced after CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12 stimulation. In conclusion, among all examined chemokines, CCL2 is thought to act as the modulator of stromal cell functions, whereas CCL4 and CCL8 are suggested to be potent factors directly stimulating blood vessel creation.

在发情周期和怀孕期间，子宫内膜发生周期性变化。这些改变受各种因素控制，包括细胞因子。本研究旨在筛选几种趋化因子（CCL2，CCL4，CCL5，CCL8，CXCL2，CXCL8，CXCL9，CXCL10和CXCL12）对子宫内膜间质和内皮细胞的作用。实时PCR分析显示，所有检查的趋化因子及其受体在原代基质细胞中的mRNA表达，在内皮细胞中检测不到CXCL9，CXCL10和CXCR3的水平。免疫细胞化学染色显示趋化因子受体在基质和内皮细胞中的分布不均。所有检查的趋化因子均增强了基质细胞的增殖，CCL2和CXCL12也增加了这些细胞的迁移潜能。对趋化因子对血管生成和淋巴管生成的间接影响的评估表明，CXCL12可能会对淋巴管的生成产生负面影响。CXCL12刺激后，VEGFC mRNA和蛋白表达下调。在所有检查的趋化因子中，CCL4和CCL8积极影响内皮细胞的增殖和迁移。刺激CXCL8，CXCL10和CXCL12后，毛细血管样结构的数量明显减少。总之，在所有检查的趋化因子中，CCL2被认为是基质细胞功能的调节剂，而CCL4和CCL8被认为是直接刺激血管生成的有效因子。CXCL12刺激后，VEGFC mRNA和蛋白表达下调。在所有检查的趋化因子中，CCL4和CCL8积极影响内皮细胞的增殖和迁移。刺激CXCL8，CXCL10和CXCL12后，毛细血管样结构的数量明显减少。总之，在所有检查的趋化因子中，CCL2被认为是基质细胞功能的调节剂，而CCL4和CCL8被认为是直接刺激血管生成的有效因子。CXCL12刺激后，VEGFC mRNA和蛋白表达下调。在所有检查的趋化因子中，CCL4和CCL8积极影响内皮细胞的增殖和迁移。刺激CXCL8，CXCL10和CXCL12后，毛细血管样结构的数量明显减少。总之，在所有检查的趋化因子中，CCL2被认为是基质细胞功能的调节剂，而CCL4和CCL8被认为是直接刺激血管生成的有效因子。