Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the most common culprits of foodborne disease in humans due to its horizontal transmission from infected animals to humans. The development of a safe vaccine against Salmonella would be important for both farm animals and humans concerning disease containment. The SE ghosts carrying FliC were genetically constructed using a special ghost plasmid pJHL184 that co-expressed FliC and the phage lysis gene E. These SE ghosts were characterized by ghost generation efficacy by increasing the culture temperature to “42 °C” in the absence of L-arabinose. This temperature change led to an ghost generation with almost complete lysis of the SE host strain in 48 hs. The expression of FliC was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Also, indirect ELISA was used to prove FliC specific antibody generation in immunized mice. The parenteral adjuvant effect of the FliC antigen was demonstrated by immunizing mice with pJHL184::flC, pJHL184 alone, or PBS alone. The mice were intramuscularly immunized at six weeks of age (n = 8) and boosted after three weeks of primary inoculation. A total of 32 mice were equally divided into four groups. Each group was treated with pJHL-ghosts alone, ghost surface displaying FliC adjuvant, and compared to the PBS and naïve control groups. The immunized mice demonstrated greater IgG and IgA antibody responses than did the PBS control group. Furthermore, the addition of the ghosts to the FliC led to a significant increase in both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses compared to those in the ghost alone group. Besides, the in vitro antigen uptake and presentation studies revealed efficient antigen presentation on the mouse macrophage cell surfaces. This finding further corroborated the potential efficacy of immune stimulation by SE ghosts. After the virulent challenge, we observed a significant reduction in the bacterial load in the spleen and liver tissues in SE ghosts surface, displaying FliC adjuvant. Our results demonstrate a safe and effective strategy to prevent salmonellosis. They also suggest that the surface expression of flagellin (FliC) significantly enhances antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. This FliC expression can also enhance the protective efficacy of the bacterial ghosts-based vaccine against virulent challenge.

肠炎沙门氏菌（SE）是人类中最常见的食源性疾病的元凶之一，因为它是从感染动物向人类的水平传播。针对沙门氏菌的安全疫苗的开发对于控制疾病控制的农场动物和人类都是重要的。使用共同表达FliC和噬菌体裂解基因E的特殊幽灵质粒pJHL184遗传构建带有FliC的SE幽灵。这些SE鬼魂的特征是通过在不存在L-阿拉伯糖的情况下将培养温度提高到“ 42°C”来产生鬼魂。温度的变化导致重影的产生，在48小时内SE宿主菌株几乎完全裂解。通过蛋白质印迹分析证实了FliC的表达。同样，间接ELISA被用来证明免疫小鼠中FliC特异性抗体的产生。FliC抗原的肠胃外佐剂作用通过用pJHL184 :: flC免疫小鼠来证明，单独的pJHL184或单独的PBS。在六周大时（n = 8）对小鼠进行肌内免疫，并在初次接种三周后加强免疫。将总共​​32只小鼠平均分为四组。每组仅用pJHL-鬼魂治疗，鬼面显示FliC佐剂，并与PBS和单纯对照组进行比较。免疫的小鼠表现出比PBS对照组更大的IgG和IgA抗体反应。此外，与单独的幻影组相比，向FliC添加幻影导致体液和细胞介导的免疫反应显着增加。此外，体外抗原摄取和呈递研究揭示了在小鼠巨噬细胞表面上有效的抗原呈递。这一发现进一步证实了SE幽灵对免疫刺激的潜在功效。激烈的攻击后，我们观察到SE鬼表面脾脏和肝脏组织中细菌的负载显着减少，显示出FliC佐剂。我们的结果证明了预防沙门氏菌病的安全有效策略。他们还表明，鞭毛蛋白（FliC）的表面表达显着增强了抗原特异性的体液和细胞介导的免疫反应。这种FliC表达还可以增强基于细菌幽灵的疫苗抵抗强毒攻击的保护功效。我们的结果证明了预防沙门氏菌病的安全有效策略。他们还表明鞭毛蛋白（FliC）的表面表达显着增强了抗原特异性的体液和细胞介导的免疫反应。这种FliC表达还可以增强基于细菌幽灵的疫苗抵抗强毒攻击的保护功效。我们的结果证明了预防沙门氏菌病的安全有效策略。他们还表明鞭毛蛋白（FliC）的表面表达显着增强了抗原特异性的体液和细胞介导的免疫反应。这种FliC表达还可以增强基于细菌幽灵的疫苗抵抗强毒攻击的保护功效。