This paper presents the impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry and pig bacteria of the French EcoAntibio plan, a public policy to reduce antimicrobial use in animals. The analysis was performed using sales data of veterinary antimicrobials and AMR data from bacteria obtained at slaughterhouse and from diseased animals.

From 2011–2018, fluoroquinolones exposure decreased by 71.5 % for poultry and 89.7 % for pigs.

For Campylobacter jejuni isolated from broilers at slaughterhouses, ciprofloxacin resistance increased from 51 % in 2010 to 63 % in 2018, whereas for turkeys the percentages varied from 56 % in 2014 to 63 % in 2018. For commensal E. coli isolated from the caecal content of broilers at slaughterhouses, the resistance to ciprofloxacin — assessed using an epidemiological cut-off value — increased in broiler isolates from 30.7 % in 2010 to 38.1 % in 2018. In turkeys, the percentage of resistant E. coli isolates decreased from 21.3 % in 2014 to 15.2 % in 2018, whereas in pigs, it increased from 1.9 % in 2009 to 5.5 % in 2017.

However, for E. coli isolated from diseased animals, when the breakpoints of 2018 were applied, resistance to fluoroquinolones significantly decreased between 2010 and 2018 from 9.0%–5.4% for broilers/hens, from 7.4 % to 3.4 % for turkeys and from 9.4 % to 3.6 % for pigs.

These data show that the major, rapid decrease in the exposition to fluoroquinolones had contrasting effects on resistance in the diverse bacterial collections. Co-selection or fitness of resistant strains may explain why changes in AMR do not always closely mirror changes in use.

本文介绍了法国EcoAntibio计划对家禽和猪细菌的抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的影响，该计划是减少动物使用抗菌素的公共政策。使用兽医抗菌剂的销售数据和来自屠宰场和患病动物的细菌的AMR数据进行分析。

从2011年至2018年，家禽和猪的氟喹诺酮类药物接触减少了71.5％，而猪则减少了89.7％。

对于空肠弯曲杆菌从肉鸡分离在屠宰场，环丙沙星电阻从51％，2010年，2018年增加至63％，而对于火鸡百分比从56％在2014年变化到63％在2018年为共生大肠杆菌从盲肠内容物中分离在屠宰场的肉鸡中，对环丙沙星的耐药性（通过流行病学截止值评估）在肉鸡分离物中的比例从2010年的30.7％上升到2018年的38.1％。在火鸡中，耐药的大肠杆菌分离物的百分比从2007年的21.3％下降。 2014年增至2018年的15.2％，而猪则从2009年的1.9％增至2017年的5.5％。

但是，对于分离自患病动物的大肠杆菌，当应用2018年的断点时，对氟喹诺酮类药物的抗药性在2010年至2018年间显着下降，从肉鸡/母鸡的9.0％–5.4％，从火鸡的7.4％降至3.4％，从9.4％猪的％到3.6％。

这些数据表明，暴露于氟喹诺酮类药物的主要迅速减少对各种细菌收集物中的抗药性具有相反的影响。抗药性菌株的共选或合体性可以解释为什么AMR的变化并不总是紧密反映使用中的变化。