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Typology of contractors for forestry services: Insights from Slovakia
Forest Policy and Economics ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102143
Martina Štěrbová , Miroslav Kovalčík

The forestry services market in Slovakia has begun to form in the early 1990s under unstable and changing conditions due to the restitution of forest property rights and the restructuring of state-owned enterprises. The transition of State Enterprise Forests towards outsourcing of forestry activities was completed in a relatively short time period, which was insufficient for an adequate formation of this sector. Therefore, it is weakly developed, undercapitalised and has a low competitive ability. On the other hand, at present, there is a high dependence on contractor firms, which carry out the most part of logging, silviculture and transport activities within the forestry. Nowadays, the forest business community consists of more than 10,600 contractors, 88% are self-employed persons and 12% represent business companies. According to the structure of revenues and cost items, the aim of the study was to identify and characterize the firm types of contractors in the forest service sector in Slovakia, with an emphasis on Limited Liability Companies. Methodologically, it is based on the analysis of basic economic data from a representative sample of 152 contractors and a vertical analysis of their income statements. A detailed analysis of revenue and cost items showed that the most significant part of total income of the selected companies comes from the sale of own products and services (58%). On the other hand, the highest value within the total expenses were found for production consumption (57.2%) and cost of merchandise sold (31.8%). Subsequently, five types of business strategies were identified and characterised. Business strategies of contractors are influenced by the current situation within the sector. Low prices for provided services and a lack of qualified workers in the labour market cause mean that it is not possible to apply the classic business strategies. Contractors try to apply their own strategies such as orientation to business or management of subcontractors. They mostly prefer the so-called „Classic strategy”, which focuses on providing services as well as trading activities to complement their business activities. We therefore expect an increased number of contractors who provide forestry services through their own employees. Another possible way is to allow contractors to implement new business strategies and innovations through a higher degree of the standing timber sale.

中文翻译:

林业服务承包商的类型:来自斯洛伐克的见解

由于森林产权的恢复和国有企业的重组,斯洛伐克的林业服务市场在 1990 年代初期在不稳定和变化的条件下开始形成。国有企业森林向林业活动外包的过渡是在相对较短的时间内完成的,不足以充分形成该部门。因此,它发展薄弱,资本不足,竞争力低。另一方面,目前对承包公司的依赖程度很高,它们在林业内进行大部分的伐木、造林和运输活动。如今,森林商业社区由 10,600 多名承包商组成,其中 88% 是个体经营者,12% 代表商业公司。根据收入和成本项目的结构,该研究的目的是确定和描述斯洛伐克森林服务部门承包商的公司类型,重点是有限责任公司。在方法上,它基于对来自 152 家承包商的代表性样本的基本经济数据的分析以及对其损益表的纵向分析。对收入和成本项目的详细分析表明,所选公司总收入的最重要部分来自销售自己的产品和服务 (58%)。另一方面,总费用中的最高值是生产消耗 (57.2%) 和销售商品成本 (31.8%)。随后,确定并描述了五种类型的业务战略。承包商的业务战略受到行业内现状的影响。所提供服务的低价和劳动力市场缺乏合格工人的原因意味着无法应用经典的商业策略。承包商尝试应用他们自己的策略,例如业务定位或分包商的管理。他们大多更喜欢所谓的“经典策略”,该策略侧重于提供服务和交易活动,以补充他们的业务活动。因此,我们预计越来越多的承包商通过自己的员工提供林业服务。另一种可能的方法是允许承包商通过更高程度的立木销售来实施新的商业战略和创新。所提供服务的低价和劳动力市场缺乏合格工人的原因意味着无法应用经典的商业策略。承包商尝试应用他们自己的策略,例如业务定位或分包商的管理。他们大多更喜欢所谓的“经典策略”,该策略侧重于提供服务和交易活动,以补充他们的业务活动。因此,我们预计越来越多的承包商通过自己的员工提供林业服务。另一种可能的方法是允许承包商通过更高程度的立木销售来实施新的商业战略和创新。所提供服务的低价和劳动力市场缺乏合格工人的原因意味着无法应用经典的商业策略。承包商尝试应用他们自己的策略,例如业务定位或分包商的管理。他们大多更喜欢所谓的“经典策略”,该策略侧重于提供服务和交易活动,以补充他们的业务活动。因此,我们预计越来越多的承包商通过自己的员工提供林业服务。另一种可能的方法是允许承包商通过更高程度的立木销售来实施新的商业战略和创新。承包商尝试应用他们自己的策略,例如业务定位或分包商的管理。他们大多更喜欢所谓的“经典策略”,该策略侧重于提供服务和交易活动,以补充他们的业务活动。因此,我们预计越来越多的承包商通过自己的员工提供林业服务。另一种可能的方法是允许承包商通过更高程度的立木销售来实施新的商业战略和创新。承包商尝试应用他们自己的策略,例如业务定位或分包商的管理。他们大多更喜欢所谓的“经典策略”,该策略侧重于提供服务和交易活动,以补充他们的业务活动。因此,我们预计越来越多的承包商通过自己的员工提供林业服务。另一种可能的方法是允许承包商通过更高程度的立木销售来实施新的商业战略和创新。因此,我们预计越来越多的承包商通过自己的员工提供林业服务。另一种可能的方法是允许承包商通过更高程度的立木销售来实施新的商业战略和创新。因此,我们预计越来越多的承包商通过自己的员工提供林业服务。另一种可能的方法是允许承包商通过更高程度的立木销售来实施新的商业战略和创新。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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