National parks have been used over the years as a model for preserving and conserving plants and animals. Governments also use parks as a tool for rural poverty elimination. Although national parks have been located in the living and working environments of local residents, the surrounding communities are typically not allowed to gain substantial benefits. This can lead to unsustainable practices including over extraction of park resources and illegal use of parks’ natural assets.

In light of these issues this paper firstly examines the role of national parks in ensuring socio-economic sustainability. Secondly, it examines the level of local participation and inclusiveness through a case study of the Udawalawe National Park. A value chain-based methodology is employed to estimate the local economic share of the park value chain.

Results indicate that factors affecting inclusiveness such as human capital, financial capital, social capital, gender, location, level of complementarity between tourism and local livelihoods, and absence of endogenous growth policies have limited both local participation and their share in a park's value chain. This indicates the need for revenue sharing and integrated tourism cluster development programmes to offset costs and risks of locals, and to improve local attitudes towards conservation.

多年来，国家公园已被用作保护和保护动植物的典范。政府还利用公园作为消除农村贫困的工具。尽管国家公园位于当地居民的生活和工作环境中，但通常不允许周围社区获得实质性利益。这可能导致不可持续的做法，包括过度提取公园资源和非法使用公园的自然资产。

针对这些问题，本文首先探讨了国家公园在确保社会经济可持续性方面的作用。其次，通过对Udawalawe国家公园的案例研究，考察了当地的参与程度和包容性。采用基于价值链的方法估算园区价值链在当地的经济份额。

结果表明，影响包容性的因素，如人力资本，金融资本，社会资本，性别，地理位置，旅游业与当地生计之间的互补程度以及缺乏内生性增长政策，都限制了当地的参与及其在公园价值链中的份额。这表明需要收益共享和综合旅游业集群发展计划，以抵消当地人的成本和风险，并改善当地人对保护的态度。