Abstract The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a species of particular ecological and economic importance. Stock assessments have recently revealed the worrying state of the “Northern stock”, probably due to overfishing and a series of poor recruitments. The extent to which these poor recruitments are due to environmental variability is difficult to assess, as the processes driving the seabass life cycle are poorly known. Here we investigate how food availability and temperature may affect the growth and survival of wild seabass at the individual scale. To this end, we developed a bioenergetics model based on the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. We applied it to seabass population of the Northeast Atlantic region (Bay of Biscay – English Channel area) throughout their entire life cycle. We calibrated the model using a combination of age-related length and weight datasets: two were from aquaculture experiments (larvae and juveniles raised at 15 and 20°C) and one from a wild population (juveniles and adults collected during surveys or fish market sampling). By calibrating the scaled functional response that rules the ingestion of food and using average temperature conditions experienced by wild seabass (obtained from tagged individuals), the model was able to reproduce the duration of the different stages, the growth of the individuals, the number of batches and their survival to starvation. We also captured one of the major differences encountered in the life traits of the species: farmed fish mature earlier than wild fish (3 to 4 years old vs. 6 years old on average for females, respectively) probably due to better feeding conditions and higher temperature. We explored the growth and survival of larvae and juveniles by exposing the individuals to varying temperatures and food levels (including total starvation). We show that early life stages of seabass have a strong capacity to deal with food deprivation: the model estimated that first feeding larvae could survive 17 days at 15°C. We also tested individual variability by adjusting the specific maximum assimilation rate and found that larvae and juveniles with higher assimilation capacity better survived low food levels at a higher temperature. We discuss our results in the context of the recent years of poor recruitment faced by European seabass.

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生物能量学模型对研究比斯开湾 - 英吉利海峡地区欧洲鲈鱼的生长和存活的贡献

摘要 欧洲鲈鱼 (Dicentrarchus labrax) 是一种具有特殊生态和经济重要性的物种。种群评估最近揭示了“北方种群”令人担忧的状况，这可能是由于过度捕捞和一系列招募不当造成的。很难评估这些不良招募在多大程度上是由于环境变化造成的，因为推动鲈鱼生命周期的过程知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了食物供应和温度如何在个体范围内影响野生鲈鱼的生长和存活。为此，我们开发了基于动态能量收支 (DEB) 理论的生物能量学模型。我们将其应用于东北大西洋地区（比斯开湾 - 英吉利海峡地区）的整个生命周期的鲈鱼种群。我们使用与年龄相关的长度和体重数据集的组合校准模型：两个来自水产养殖实验（在 15 和 20°C 下饲养的幼鱼和幼鱼），一个来自野生种群（在调查或鱼市抽样期间收集的幼鱼和成鱼） ）。通过校准控制食物摄取的缩放功能反应并使用野生鲈鱼（从标记个体获得）经历的平均温度条件，该模型能够重现不同阶段的持续时间、个体的生长、数量批次和他们的生存饥饿。我们还捕捉到了该物种生命特征中遇到的主要差异之一：养殖鱼比野生鱼成熟得更早（雌性平均为 3 至 4 岁，而雌性平均为 6 岁，分别）可能是由于更好的饲养条件和更高的温度。我们通过将个体暴露于不同温度和食物水平（包括完全饥饿）来探索幼虫和幼体的生长和存活。我们表明，鲈鱼的早期生命阶段具有很强的应对食物匮乏的能力：该模型估计第一次进食的幼虫在 15°C 下可以存活 17 天。我们还通过调整特定的最大同化率来测试个体差异，发现具有较高同化能力的幼虫和幼虫在较高温度下在低食物水平下能更好地存活。我们在近年来欧洲鲈鱼面临的招募不佳的背景下讨论了我们的结果。我们通过将个体暴露于不同温度和食物水平（包括完全饥饿）来探索幼虫和幼体的生长和存活。我们表明，鲈鱼的早期生命阶段具有很强的应对食物匮乏的能力：该模型估计第一次进食的幼虫在 15°C 下可以存活 17 天。我们还通过调整特定的最大同化率来测试个体差异，发现具有较高同化能力的幼虫和幼虫在较高温度下在低食物水平下能更好地存活。我们在近年来欧洲鲈鱼面临的招募不佳的背景下讨论了我们的结果。我们通过将个体暴露于不同温度和食物水平（包括完全饥饿）来探索幼虫和幼体的生长和存活。我们表明，鲈鱼的早期生命阶段具有很强的应对食物匮乏的能力：该模型估计第一次进食的幼虫在 15°C 下可以存活 17 天。我们还通过调整特定的最大同化率来测试个体差异，发现具有较高同化能力的幼虫和幼虫在较高温度下在低食物水平下能更好地存活。我们在近年来欧洲鲈鱼面临的招募不佳的背景下讨论了我们的结果。该模型估计第一次进食的幼虫可以在 15°C 下存活 17 天。我们还通过调整特定的最大同化率来测试个体差异，发现具有较高同化能力的幼虫和幼虫在较高温度下在低食物水平下能更好地存活。我们在近年来欧洲鲈鱼面临的招募不佳的背景下讨论了我们的结果。该模型估计第一次进食的幼虫可以在 15°C 下存活 17 天。我们还通过调整特定的最大同化率来测试个体差异，发现具有较高同化能力的幼虫和幼虫在较高温度下在低食物水平下能更好地存活。我们在近年来欧洲鲈鱼面临的招募不佳的背景下讨论了我们的结果。