Abstract Gene and genome-centric approaches were applied to investigate the microbial taxonomic and metabolic diversity profiles from a lab-scale anaerobic reactor applied to laundry wastewater treatment with increasing concentrations of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). Therefore, metagenomic analysis was carried out with reactor samples collected under three conditions, (i) Stage I, the reactor was fed with synthetic medium, (ii) Stage II, synthetic medium was replaced by diluted laundry wastewater with specific LAS loading rates (SLLRs) of 1.0 ± 0.3 mgLASgTVS−1d−1 and (iii) Stage III, SLLRs increased to 2.7 ± 0.7 mgLASgTVS−1d−1. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2 × 150 bp platform. Gene-centric analysis of each step of the metabolic pathway (fumarate addition, β-oxidation, ring cleavage and desulfonation) for anaerobic aromatic degradation showed eight over-representative genera (Achromobacter, Pelodictyon, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Rhodococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Sulfurovum and Syntrophobacter), suggesting a microbial core with an important role in LAS biodegradation. Some of these genera were also recovered through a differential binning method, representing fifteen bacterial and one archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Biodegradation pathway reconstruction of LAS using six MAGs unveiled the syntrophism for complete degradation of the LAS molecule. Only the MAGs with taxonomic annotation for Syntrophobacter showed genetic potential for fumarate addition, whereas in the ring cleavage, there was a predominance of genes in MAGs with taxonomic annotation for Pseudomonas fragi and Rhodococcus. This work represents the first report of genome-centric approach to study biological reactors applied in anionic surfactant degradation, contributing with detailed metabolic information of the key microbial actors in LAS degradation and opening perspectives for future biotechnological strategies aiming at bioaugmentation and/or biostimulation of indigenous microbial populations.

中文翻译：

---

应用于洗衣废水处理的厌氧反应器：通过基因和以基因组为中心的方法揭示微生物群落

摘要 应用基因和以基因组为中心的方法来研究来自实验室规模厌氧反应器的微生物分类和代谢多样性概况，该反应器应用于洗衣废水处理，线性烷基苯磺酸盐 (LAS) 的浓度不断增加。因此，宏基因组分析是在三种条件下收集的反应器样品进行的，(i) 阶段 I，反应器加入合成介质，(ii) 阶段 II，合成介质被具有特定 LAS 加载率 (SLLR) 的稀释洗衣废水代替) 1.0 ± 0.3 mgLASgTVS-1d-1 和 (iii) III 期，SLLR 增加到 2.7 ± 0.7 mgLASgTVS-1d-1。Shotgun 宏基因组测序在 Illumina HiSeq 2 × 150 bp 平台上进行。代谢途径每一步（富马酸添加、β-氧化、用于厌氧芳香降解的环裂解和脱磺化）显示八个过度代表性的属（无色杆菌属、Pelodictyon、假单胞菌属、Psychrobacter、红球菌属、窄养单胞菌属、硫磺杆菌属和 Syntrophobacter），表明微生物核心在 LAS 生物降解中起重要作用。其中一些属也通过差异分箱方法恢复，代表 15 个细菌和一个古菌宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG)。使用六个 MAG 重建 LAS 的生物降解途径揭示了 LAS 分子完全降解的同养作用。只有带有 Syntrophobacter 分类注释的 MAG 显示出添加延胡索酸的遗传潜力，而在环裂解中，MAG 中具有分类学注释的 Pseudomonas fragi 和 Rhodococcus 基因占优势。