Sustainability transition research (STR) has failed to engage in any significant analyses or critiques of capitalism. This article argues that capitalism is not a ‘landscape’ factor, but rather permeates the workings of socio-technical systems in ways that must be recognised both for elaborating rigorous accounts of transition trajectories and for enhancing the capacity of STR to support future societal sustainability transitions. This argument is developed specifically in relation to the three challenges of STR: the analysis of the actual sustainability of sustainability transitions, the application of transition theory to cases in the Global South, and the move towards a forward-looking STR. The article identifies three main implications of this argument with respect to interdisciplinarity, the validity of current theoretical frameworks, and the practice of STR. Ultimately, the article invites STR scholars to be more openly reflexive not only about possible theoretical biases, but also regarding their own roles in society.

可持续性转型研究（STR）未能进行任何重要的资本主义分析或批评。本文认为，资本主义不是一个“景观”因素，而是渗透到社会技术系统的运作中，必须以这种方式加以认可，以便详细阐述过渡轨迹，并增强STR支持未来社会可持续性转型的能力。 。该论点是针对STR的三个挑战而专门提出的：对可持续性转型的实际可持续性进行分析，将过渡理论应用于全球南方的案例以及向具有前瞻性的STR迈进。本文确定了该论点在跨学科性，当前理论框架的有效性方面的三个主要含义，和STR的实践。最终，本文邀请STR学者不仅在可能的理论偏见上而且在他们自己在社会中的角色上更加公开地反思。