Abstract Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) systems are measurement devices for obtaining master curves and complex modules of viscoelastic materials, such as rubbers. The conventional DMAs measurement systems in market have several limitations, which restrict their ability for operating at high frequencies. Thus, Williams, Landel and Ferry (WLF) relation is used to produce master curves and predict the material properties at high frequencies. In conventional DMAs, experiments are done in a range of temperatures, and then a master curve is made for a chosen reference temperature by shifting the measurements data to high frequencies. Therefore, the obtained results, which are not based on direct measurements, can be inaccurate. In order to overcome this problem a new simple shear high-frequency DMA (HFDMA) system is designed and built to directly measure the dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic material at high frequencies and the strain levels sufficient for tire manufacturers. The new HFDMA can be used to test any viscoelastic materials which have glass transmission temperature (Tg) lower than room temperature (about 23 °C) such as the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The SBR is the base material for tire tread. The designing process of this new HFDMA is presented in this paper. The rubber specimen shape is chosen by taking into account the shear elastic wave effect, bending, buckling effect and heat generation in the specimen. The repeatability test is accomplished to ensure that the results obtained from the new HFDMA are repeatable and the repeatability uncertainty is about 0.04%. The new HFDMA is validated by comparing to the direct test results of conventional DMA at 100 Hz. The direct high frequency (5 kHz) complex shear modulus and damping factor are compared with the master curve of the conventional DMA developed by the use of WLF relation for SBR. This comparison revealed that the complex shear modulus and damping factor of the SBR obtained from the HFDMA at 5 kHz and 0.05% strain amplitude are about 7% and 6.5% higher than those obtained from the conventional DMA, respectively.

中文翻译：

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一种新型高频动态力学分析系统：一种轮胎胎面胶直接高频测试的方法

摘要 动态力学分析 (DMA) 系统是获取橡胶等粘弹性材料的主曲线和复杂模块的测量设备。市场上传统的 DMA 测量系统有几个局限性，这限制了它们在高频下工作的能力。因此，威廉姆斯、兰德尔和费里 (WLF) 关系用于生成主曲线并预测高频下的材料特性。在传统的 DMA 中，实验是在一个温度范围内完成的，然后通过将测量数据转移到高频来为选定的参考温度制作主曲线。因此，所获得的结果并非基于直接测量，可能不准确。为了克服这个问题，设计并构建了一种新的简单剪切高频 DMA (HFDMA) 系统，以直接测量粘弹性材料在高频下的动态机械性能和足够轮胎制造商的应变水平。新的 HFDMA 可用于测试任何玻璃透射温度 (Tg) 低于室温（约 23 °C）的粘弹性材料，例如苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶 (SBR)。SBR是轮胎胎面的基础材料。本文介绍了这种新型 HFDMA 的设计过程。橡胶试样形状的选择考虑了试样中的剪切弹性波效应、弯曲、屈曲效应和发热。完成重复性测试是为了确保从新的 HFDMA 获得的结果是可重复的，重复性不确定度约为 0.04%。通过与传统 DMA 在 100 Hz 下的直接测试结果进行比较，验证了新的 HFDMA。将直接高频 (5 kHz) 复数剪切模量和阻尼系数与使用 SBR 的 WLF 关系开发的常规 DMA 的主曲线进行比较。该比较表明，在 5 kHz 和 0.05% 应变幅度下从 HFDMA 获得的 SBR 的复剪切模量和阻尼因子分别比从传统 DMA 获得的高约 7% 和 6.5%。将直接高频 (5 kHz) 复数剪切模量和阻尼系数与使用 SBR 的 WLF 关系开发的常规 DMA 的主曲线进行比较。该比较表明，在 5 kHz 和 0.05% 应变幅度下从 HFDMA 获得的 SBR 的复剪切模量和阻尼因子分别比从常规 DMA 获得的高约 7% 和 6.5%。将直接高频 (5 kHz) 复数剪切模量和阻尼系数与使用 SBR 的 WLF 关系开发的常规 DMA 的主曲线进行比较。该比较表明，在 5 kHz 和 0.05% 应变幅度下从 HFDMA 获得的 SBR 的复剪切模量和阻尼因子分别比从常规 DMA 获得的高约 7% 和 6.5%。