Abstract This study aimed to produce bio-oils from various lignocellulosic biomass, namely palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm fiber (PF), sugarcane bagasse (SB), and sugarcane leaves (SL). Hydrothermal liquefaction, an environmentally benign process, was applied for converting wet bio-resources to bio-oils. The effect of Na2CO3 and La2O3 catalysts were investigated at 300 °C, the results showed higher bio-oil yield from Na2CO3 compared to La2O3. The use of glycerol solvent as a hydrogen donor substantially enhanced bio-oil yield for 300% compared to aqueous solvent. Furthermore, the microwave-assisted wet torrefaction (800 W for 20 min) pretreatment employed for EFB helps to increase aliphatic and aromatic compounds and enhance the light and heavy bio-oils yields to 76.80 wt%. SB and EFB are promising biomass for solvothermolysis liquefaction giving the highest energy ratio. A substantial amount of carbon nanodots and nanoflakes were produced from hydrothermolysis and solvothermolysis liquefaction of EFB with average mean diameters of 49.5 and 100.4 nm, respectively.

中文翻译：

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微波辅助湿式烘焙对通过水热和溶剂热将棕榈油和甘蔗废料中的生物质液化为生物油和碳纳米点/纳米薄片的影响

摘要 本研究旨在从各种木质纤维素生物质中生产生物油，即棕榈空果串 (EFB)、棕榈纤维 (PF)、甘蔗渣 (SB) 和甘蔗叶 (SL)。水热液化是一种环境友好的过程，用于将湿生物资源转化为生物油。在 300 °C 下研究了 Na2CO3 和 La2O3 催化剂的影响，结果表明与 La2O3 相比，Na2CO3 的生物油产率更高。与水性溶剂相比，使用甘油溶剂作为氢供体显着提高了 300% 的生物油产率。此外，用于 EFB 的微波辅助湿式烘焙（800 W，20 分钟）预处理有助于增加脂肪族和芳香族化合物，并将轻质和重质生物油的产量提高到 76.80 wt%。SB 和 EFB 是用于溶剂热解液化的有前途的生物质，可提供最高的能量比。大量碳纳米点和纳米薄片由 EFB 的水热解和溶剂热解液化产生，平均直径分别为 49.5 和 100.4 nm。