Protected areas are central to global efforts to prevent species extinctions, with many countries investing heavily in their establishment. Yet the designation of protected areas alone can only abate certain threats to biodiversity. Targeted management within protected areas is often required to achieve fully effective conservation within their boundaries. It remains unclear what combination of protected area designation and management is needed to remove the suite of processes that imperil species. Here, using Australia as a case study, we use a dataset on the pressures facing threatened species to determine the role of protected areas and management in conserving imperilled species. We found that protected areas that are not resourced for threat management could remove one or more threats to 1,185 (76%) species and all threats to very few (n = 51, 3%) species. In contrast, a protected area network that is adequately resourced to manage threatening processes within their boundary could remove one or more threats to almost all species (n = 1,551; c. 100%) and all threats to almost half (n = 740, 48%). However, 815 (52%) species face one or more threats that require coordinated conservation actions that protected areas alone could not remove. This research shows that investing in the continued expansion of Australia's protected area network without providing adequate funding for threat management within and beyond the existing protected area network will benefit few threatened species. These findings highlight that as the international community expands the global protected area network in accordance with the 2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, a greater emphasis on the effectiveness of threat management is needed.

中文翻译：

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评估管理良好的保护区对受威胁物种保护的益处

保护区是全球防止物种灭绝努力的核心，许多国家都在大力投资建立保护区。然而，仅指定保护区只能减轻对生物多样性的某些威胁。通常需要在保护区内进行有针对性的管理，以在其边界内实现充分有效的保护。目前尚不清楚需要什么样的保护区指定和管理组合来消除危及物种的一系列过程。在这里，以澳大利亚为案例研究，我们使用有关受威胁物种面临的压力的数据集来确定保护区和管理在保护受威胁物种方面的作用。我们发现没有资源用于威胁管理的保护区可以消除一个或多个威胁到 1、185 种 (76%) 物种以及对极少数 (n = 51, 3%) 物种的所有威胁。相比之下，拥有充足资源来管理其边界内的威胁过程的保护区网络可以消除对几乎所有物种的一种或多种威胁（n = 1,551；c. 100%）和几乎一半（n = 740, 48）的所有威胁%）。然而，815 种（52%）物种面临一种或多种威胁，需要采取协调一致的保护行动，而仅靠保护区是无法消除的。这项研究表明，在没有为现有保护区网络内外的威胁管理提供足够资金的情况下，投资于澳大利亚保护区网络的持续扩张，将使少数受威胁物种受益。