Timber buildings are becoming increasingly sought after for their aesthetic and environmental appeal. Commonly, timber elements are encapsulated using multi-layered fire rated gypsum board in order to prevent the timber from contributing additional fuel load to the fire or to be approved by authorities. In recent studies performed in the last 5 years where non-standard fire exposures have been utilised, there have been concerns as to whether encapsulation successfully can improve the fire performance of the assembly due to board fall off or heat penetration between layers in the full duration of a non-standard fire scenario (which includes cooling phases and burn out). There has been a dearth of attention in understanding the underlying mechanisms to these documented behaviours. To address this research gap, a two-stage research program studying multi-layered and fire-rated gypsum clad stand-alone columns was undertaken by the authors in both a field and controlled laboratory study. These experiments were conducted with the purpose of understanding timber column multi-layered encapsulation performance in non-standard fires that include a natural cooling phase. In the field study, a stand-alone timber column within a large, open farm structure was encapsulated in three layers fire rated gypsum board. The fire was spot-ignited and allowed to burn until the building and the column collapsed. That experiment provided evidence that the fire rated gypsum board was not sufficient to protect this timber column, as the temperature increases under the layers of gypsum board were equivalent to the temperature increases on the exterior of the column. The second stage of the research involved four, encapsulated timber columns with localised non-standard fires (methanol pool fires exposing one face only) in controlled laboratory conditions. These tests used novel narrow-band spectrum illumination to document the underlying breakdown of the gypsum board with non-standard fire exposure and cooling phases. Results of these experiments imply that timber elements can be adequately protected from fire exposure providing that the screw spacing is strictly adhered to and redundant layers are utilised. The article concludes with a listing of priority research areas that will advance knowledge of the performance of gypsum boards on timber in fire.

中文翻译：

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X型石膏板在木材上的非标准火灾暴露性能

木材建筑因其美学和环境吸引力而越来越受到追捧。通常，木材元件使用多层防火石膏板封装，以防止木材为火灾提供额外的燃料负荷或获得当局的批准。在过去 5 年中使用非标准火灾暴露进行的最近研究中，有人担心封装是否可以成功地提高组件的防火性能，因为在整个持续时间内，由于板脱落或层间的热渗透非标准火灾场景（包括冷却阶段和烧毁）。在理解这些记录在案的行为的潜在机制方面一直缺乏关注。为了解决这一研究空白，作者在实地和受控实验室研究中进行了一项研究多层和耐火石膏包覆独立柱的两阶段研究计划。进行这些实验的目的是了解木柱多层封装在包括自然冷却阶段的非标准火灾中的性能。在实地研究中，一个大型开放式农场结构内的独立木柱被封装在三层防火石膏板中。火被点点燃并被允许燃烧，直到建筑物和柱子倒塌。该实验证明防火石膏板不足以保护这个木柱，因为石膏板层下的温度升高与柱子外部的温度升高相同。研究的第二阶段涉及在受控实验室条件下使用局部非标准火灾（甲醇池火灾仅暴露一个面）的四个封装木柱。这些测试使用新颖的窄带光谱照明来记录石膏板在非标准火灾暴露和冷却阶段的潜在故障。这些实验的结果表明，只要严格遵守螺钉间距并使用冗余层，就可以充分保护木材元素免受火灾影响。文章最后列出了优先研究领域，这些领域将增进对石膏板在木材防火方面的性能的了解。在受控实验室条件下使用局部非标准火灾（甲醇池火灾仅暴露一张脸）封装的木柱。这些测试使用新颖的窄带光谱照明来记录石膏板在非标准火灾暴露和冷却阶段的潜在故障。这些实验的结果表明，只要严格遵守螺钉间距并使用冗余层，就可以充分保护木材元素免受火灾影响。文章最后列出了优先研究领域，这些领域将增进对石膏板在木材防火方面的性能的了解。在受控实验室条件下使用局部非标准火灾（甲醇池火灾仅暴露一张脸）封装的木柱。这些测试使用新颖的窄带光谱照明来记录石膏板在非标准火灾暴露和冷却阶段的潜在故障。这些实验的结果表明，只要严格遵守螺钉间距并使用冗余层，就可以充分保护木材元素免受火灾影响。文章最后列出了优先研究领域，这些领域将增进对石膏板在木材防火方面的性能的了解。这些实验的结果表明，只要严格遵守螺钉间距并使用冗余层，就可以充分保护木材元素免受火灾影响。文章最后列出了优先研究领域，这些领域将增进对石膏板在木材防火方面的性能的了解。这些实验的结果表明，只要严格遵守螺钉间距并使用冗余层，就可以充分保护木材元素免受火灾影响。文章最后列出了优先研究领域，这些领域将增进对石膏板在木材防火方面的性能的了解。