This study developed a new method for the extraction, clean up, chiral separation, and determination of five pairs of phenothiazine drugs using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE). A mixture of extraction solvent (30 μL of CHCl₃) and dispersive solvent (200 μL of tetrahydrofuran) was rapidly injected using a syringe, which formed tiny cloudy droplets of an organic extractant that dispersed entirely into the aqueous phase. After centrifuging, the sediment phase of volume 60 ± 0.5 μL was transferred into a small vial and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted in 5 μL of aqueous solution, analyzed using CE and then successfully baseline separated in 6 min using a background electrolyte composed of 5 mM hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin, 0.9% poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), and 150 mM tris-formate at pH 3.0. The developed method was linear in the 0.01–10 μM range, with R² ≥ 0.9956 for all target analytes. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10) were 2–4 nM and 10 nM, respectively. Excellent repeatability (RSD ≤ 5.5%, n = 5) was achieved. The recoveries of all phenothiazine drugs from urine were in the 83.5–104.0% range. The advantages of this approach were low cost, versatility, simplicity, and high sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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分散液-液微萃取结合毛细管电泳快速测定五种手性抗精神病药

这项研究开发了一种新方法，采用超声辅助分散液-液微萃取结合毛细管电泳（CE）来提取，纯化，手性分离和测定五对吩噻嗪类药物。萃取溶剂的混合物（30μLCHCl ₃）并使用注射器快速注入分散溶剂（200μL四氢呋喃），形成有机萃取剂的细小混浊液滴，完全分散到水相中。离心后，将体积为60±0.5μL的沉淀相转移到一个小瓶中，并蒸发至干。将残留物重新溶解在5μL水溶液中，使用CE分析，然后使用5 mM羟丙基-γ-环糊精，0.9％聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵和150 mM三甲酸酯组成的背景电解质在6分钟内成功进行基线分离在pH 3.0下。所开发的方法在0.01–10μM范围内呈线性，R ²所有目标分析物均≥0.9956。检测限（S / N = 3）和定量限（S / N = 10）分别为2-4 nM和10 nM。获得了极好的重复性（RSD≤5.5％，n = 5）。尿液中所有吩噻嗪类药物的回收率在83.5–104.0％范围内。这种方法的优势是低成本，多功能性，简单性和高灵敏度。