Abstract

The popularity and the high nicotine content of the American pod e-cigarette JUUL have raised many concerns. To comply with European law, the nicotine concentration in the liquids of the European version, which has been recently released on the market, is limited to below 20 mg/mL. This limit can possibly be circumvented by technological adjustments that increase vaporization and consequently, elevate nicotine delivery. In this study, we compare vapor generation and nicotine delivery of the initial European version, a modified European version, and the original American high-nicotine variant using a machine vaping set-up. Additionally, benzoic acid and carbonyl compounds are quantified in the aerosol. Further, concentrations of nicotine, benzoic acid, propylene glycol, and glycerol, along with the density and pH value of JUUL e-liquids have been assessed. Whereas the initial European version did not compensate for the low nicotine content in the liquid, we provide evidence for an increased vaporization by the modified European version. As a consequence, nicotine delivery per puff approximates the American original. Notably, this is not associated with an increased generation of carbonyl compounds. Our data suggest a similar addictiveness of the enhanced European version and the original American product.

中文翻译：

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时髦的电子烟进入欧洲：JUUL豆荚及其气溶胶的化学表征。

摘要

美国豆荚式电子烟JUUL的流行和尼古丁含量高引起了许多关注。为了符合欧洲法律，最近在市场上发布的欧洲版本液体中的尼古丁浓度限制为低于20 mg / mL。可以通过增加汽化并因此提高尼古丁输送量的技术调整来规避这一限制。在这项研究中，我们比较了最初的欧洲版本，改良的欧洲版本和最初的美国高烟碱变体的蒸汽生成和尼古丁释放量，它们使用的是电子烟设置。另外，在气雾剂中定量了苯甲酸和羰基化合物。此外，尼古丁，苯甲酸，丙二醇和甘油的浓度，连同JUUL电子液体的密度和pH值已被评估。最初的欧洲版本无法弥补液体中尼古丁含量低的问题，但我们提供了经改进的欧洲版本增加了蒸发的证据。结果，每抽吸一次的尼古丁输送量接近美国原先的水平。值得注意的是，这与羰基化合物的产生增加无关。我们的数据表明增强的欧洲版本和原始的美国产品具有相似的成瘾性。这与增加羰基化合物的产生无关。我们的数据表明增强的欧洲版本和原始的美国产品具有相似的成瘾性。这与增加羰基化合物的产生无关。我们的数据表明增强的欧洲版本和原始的美国产品具有相似的成瘾性。