Effects of Sn and Nb additions on the microstructure and wear behavior of a gray cast iron (GCI) have been investigated in details. The results showed that the combined additions of Sn and Nb not only promote the generation of pearlite and type-A graphite but also refine the graphite flakes size and the pearlite lamellar spacing. The analysis results of wear test indicated that the GCI-Sn–Nb sample with higher hardness (201 HB) yields a decreased mass loss by 63% compared to the GCI sample. Moreover, the GCI sample displays a severe wear in which some larger crater and a coarser surface can be observed, while the wear morphology of the GCI-Sn–Nb sample looked smooth, and the crater was smaller than the others. Under the present wear test condition, the combined additions of Sn and Nb are likely to improve the wear resistance of gray cast iron. The enhanced wear resistance of GCI-Sn–Nb sample was closely correlated to the increased hardness caused by the increase in pearlite content and the refinement of the graphite flakes size and the pearlite lamellar spacing.

中文翻译：

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Sn和Nb添加量对灰口铸铁组织和磨损特性的影响

已经详细研究了添加 Sn 和 Nb 对灰口铸铁 (GCI) 显微组织和磨损行为的影响。结果表明，Sn和Nb的联合添加不仅促进了珠光体和A型石墨的生成，而且细化了石墨片尺寸和珠光体片层间距。磨损试验的分析结果表明，与 GCI 样品相比，具有更高硬度 (201 HB) 的 GCI-Sn-Nb 样品的质量损失减少了 63%。此外，GCI 样品显示出严重的磨损，其中可以观察到一些更大的凹坑和更粗糙的表面，而 GCI-Sn-Nb 样品的磨损形态看起来很光滑，并且凹坑比其他样品小。在目前的磨损试验条件下，Sn和Nb的联合添加有可能提高灰口铸铁的耐磨性。