Genes influencing oocyte maturation may be valuable for predicting their developmental potential, as well as discerning the mechanistic pathways regulating oocyte development. In the presented research microarray gene expression analysis of immature and in vitro matured porcine oocytes was performed. Two groups of oocytes were compared in the study: before (3 × n = 50) and after in vitro maturation (3 × n = 50). The selection of viable oocytes was performed using the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test. Furthermore, microarrays and RT-qPCR was used to analyze the transcriptome of the oocytes before and after IVM. The study focused on the genes undergoing differential expression in two gene-ontology groups: “Cellular response to hormone stimulus” and “Cellular response to unfolded protein”, which contain genes that may directly or indirectly be involved in signal transduction during oocyte maturation. Examination of all the genes of interest showed a lower level of their expression after IVM. From the total number of genes in these gene ontologies ten of the highest change in expression were identified: FOS, ID2, BTG2, CYR61, ESR1, AR, TACR3, CCND2, EGR2 and TGFBR3. The successful maturation of the oocytes was additionally confirmed with the use of lipid droplet assay. The genes were briefly described and related to the literature sources, to investigate their potential roles in the process of oocyte maturation. The results of the study may serve as a basic molecular reference for further research aimed at improving the methods of oocyte in vitro maturation, which plays an important role in the procedures of assisted reproduction.

影响卵母细胞成熟的基因对于预测它们的发育潜力以及识别调节卵母细胞发育的机制途径可能是有价值的。在本研究中，进行了未成熟和体外成熟的猪卵母细胞的微阵列基因表达分析。在研究中比较了两组卵母细胞： 体外成熟之前（3×  n = 50）和体外成熟之后（3×  n = 50）。使用亮甲酚蓝（BCB）测试进行活卵母细胞的选择。此外，微阵列和RT-qPCR用于分析IVM前后卵母细胞的转录组。该研究集中在两个基因本体论组中经历差异表达的基因：“细胞对激素刺激的反应”和“细胞对未折叠蛋白的反应”，它们包含可能直接或间接参与卵母细胞成熟过程中信号转导的基因。对所有目标基因的检查显示，IVM后它们的表达水平较低。从这些基因本体中的基因总数中，确定了表达变化最高的十个：FOS，ID2，BTG2，CYR61，ESR1，AR，TACR3，CCND2，EGR2和TGFBR3。另外，通过使用脂质滴测定法证实了卵母细胞的成功成熟。简要描述了这些基因并与文献来源相关，以研究它们在卵母细胞成熟过程中的潜在作用。研究结果可作为进一步研究卵母细胞体外成熟方法的基础分子参考，其在辅助生殖过程中起重要作用。