The development of an effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been hampered by major difficulties that occurred in the 1960s when a formalin-inactivated vaccine led to increased severity of RSV disease after acquisition of the virus in the RSV season after vaccination. Recent renewed efforts to develop a vaccine have resulted in about 38 candidate vaccines and monoclonal antibodies now in clinical development. The target populations for effective vaccination are varied and include neonates, young children, pregnant women, and older adults. The reasons for susceptibility to infection in each of these groups may be different and, therefore, could require different vaccine types for induction of protective immune responses, adding a further challenge for vaccine development. Here, we review the current knowledge of RSV vaccine development for these target populations and propose a view and rationale for prioritizing RSV vaccine development.

有效的呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV) 疫苗的开发受到 20 世纪 60 年代发生的重大困难的阻碍，当时福尔马林灭活疫苗在接种疫苗后的 RSV 季节感染病毒后导致 RSV 疾病的严重程度增加。最近重新开发疫苗的努力已经产生了大约 38 种候选疫苗和单克隆抗体，目前正处于临床开发阶段。有效疫苗接种的目标人群多种多样，包括新生儿、幼儿、孕妇和老年人。每个群体对感染易感的原因可能不同，因此可能需要不同的疫苗类型来诱导保护性免疫反应，这给疫苗开发带来了进一步的挑战。在这里，我们回顾了针对这些目标人群的 RSV 疫苗开发的当前知识，并提出了优先考虑 RSV 疫苗开发的观点和理由。