Rosacea is a common chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland–rich facial skin characterized by severe skin dryness, elevated pH, transepidermal water loss, and decreased hydration levels. Until now, there has been no thorough molecular analysis of permeability barrier alterations in the skin of patients with rosacea. Thus, we aimed to investigate the barrier alterations in papulopustular rosacea samples compared with healthy sebaceous gland–rich skin, using RNA sequencing analysis (n = 8). Pathway analyses by Cytoscape ClueGO revealed 15 significantly enriched pathways related to skin barrier formation. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the pathway analyses. The results showed significant alterations in barrier components in papulopustular rosacea samples compared with sebaceous gland–rich skin, including the cornified envelope and intercellular lipid lamellae formation, desmosome and tight junction organizations, barrier alarmins, and antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, the barrier damage in papulopustular rosacea was unexpectedly similar to atopic dermatitis; this similarity was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining. In summary, besides the well-known dysregulation of immunological, vascular, and neurological functions, we demonstrated prominent permeability barrier alterations in papulopustular rosacea at the molecular level, which highlight the importance of barrier repair therapies for rosacea.

酒渣鼻是皮脂腺丰富的面部皮肤的常见慢性炎症，其特征是严重的皮肤干燥，pH升高，表皮水分流失和水合作用水平降低。迄今为止，还没有对酒渣鼻患者皮肤中的渗透性屏障改变进行彻底的分子分析。因此，我们的目的是使用RNA测序分析法（n = 8）来调查乳头脓疱性酒渣鼻样本与健康的皮脂腺丰富的皮肤相比的屏障改变。Cytoscape ClueGO进行的途径分析揭示了15种与皮肤屏障形成有关的显着丰富的途径。RT-PCR和免疫组织化学被用来验证通路分析。结果表明，与富含皮脂腺的皮肤相比，丘疹性酒渣鼻样品中的屏障成分发生了显着变化，包括角质化包膜和细胞间脂质薄片形成，桥粒和紧密连接组织，屏障警报蛋白和抗菌肽。此外，丘疹脓疱性酒渣鼻中的屏障破坏出乎意料地类似于特应性皮炎。通过免疫荧光染色证实了这种相似性。总之，除了众所周知的免疫，血管和神经功能失调外，我们还显示了丘疹性酒渣鼻在分子水平上的显着通透性屏障改变，这突出了屏障修复疗法对酒渣鼻的重要性。通过免疫荧光染色证实了这种相似性。总之，除了众所周知的免疫，血管和神经功能失调外，我们还显示了丘疹性酒渣鼻在分子水平上的显着通透性屏障改变，这突出了屏障修复疗法对酒渣鼻的重要性。通过免疫荧光染色证实了这种相似性。总之，除了众所周知的免疫，血管和神经功能失调外，我们还显示了丘疹性酒渣鼻在分子水平上的显着通透性屏障改变，这突出了屏障修复疗法对酒渣鼻的重要性。