Abstract The particle breakage of angular and porous calcareous sands at high strain rates (HSRs) is important but rarely quantified. This paper conducts a series of split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to investigate the particle breakage of calcareous sand at different impact energies, relative densities, moisture contents and particle gradations. The stress-strain relationships of calcareous sand under impact loading are nearly linear, indicating that particle breakage and restructuration occurs during the entire loading period. The particle breakage of calcareous sand increases exponentially with impact energy, determining the parameters describing the crushability. Particle breakage first decreases with the water content and subsequently increases. For partially saturated specimen, more coarse-sized particles are crushed than coarse-sized particles in dry and unsaturated moist specimens, but fewer fine-sized particles are crushed compared with the fine-sized particles in dry and unsaturated moist specimens. Semi-empirical evaluations are supplied to estimate the particle breakage of sand at HSRs.

中文翻译：

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高应变率下钙质砂的颗粒破碎

摘要 在高应变率 (HSR) 下角状和多孔钙质砂的颗粒破碎很重要，但很少量化。本文进行了一系列分裂霍普金森压力棒 (SHPB) 测试，以研究不同冲击能量、相对密度、水分含量和颗粒级配的钙质砂的颗粒破碎情况。钙质砂在冲击载荷下的应力-应变关系接近线性，表明在整个加载过程中发生颗粒破碎和重构。钙质砂的颗粒破碎随冲击能量呈指数增加，决定了描述可碎性的参数。颗粒破碎率先随着含水量的增加而减少，随后增加。对于部分饱和试样，在干燥和不饱和湿试样中，比粗颗粒被压碎的粗颗粒更多，但与干燥和不饱和湿试样中的细颗粒相比，被压碎的细颗粒更少。提供了半经验评估来估计高铁上沙子的颗粒破碎。