A variety of materials-based approaches to accelerate the regeneration of damaged bone have been developed to meet the important clinical need for improved bone fillers. This comprehensive review covers the materials and technologies used in modular microcarrier-based methods for delivery of progenitor cells in orthopaedic repair applications. It provides an overview of the field and the rationale for using microcarriers combined with osteoprogenitor cells for bone regeneration in particular. The general concepts and methods used in microcarrier-based cell culture and delivery are described, and methods for fabricating and characterizing microcarriers designed for specific indications are presented. A comprehensive review of the current literature on the use of microcarriers in bone regeneration is provided, with emphasis on key developments in the field and their impact. The studies reviewed are organized according to the broad classes of materials that are used for fabricating microcarriers, including polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, ceramics, and synthetic polymers. In addition, composite microcarriers that incorporate multiple material types or that are mineralized biomimetically are included. In each case, the fabrication, processing, characterization, and resulting function of the microcarriers is described, with an emphasis on their ability to support osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells in vitro, and their effectiveness in healing bone defects in vivo. In addition, a summary of the current state of the field is provided, as are future perspectives on how microcarrier technologies may be enhanced to create improved cell-based therapies for bone regeneration.

中文翻译：

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基于细胞的骨再生的模块化微载体技术。

已经开发了多种基于材料的方法来加速受损骨的再生，以满足对改进的骨填充剂的重要临床需求。这项全面的综述涵盖了在骨科修复应用中基于模块化微载体的祖细胞递送方法中使用的材料和技术。它提供了该领域的概述以及将微载体与骨祖细胞结合用于骨再生的原理。描述了在基于微载体的细胞培养和递送中使用的一般概念和方法，并介绍了为特定适应症设计和制造微载体的方法。提供了有关在骨再生中使用微载体的最新文献的全面综述，重点介绍该领域的主要发展及其影响。审查的研究是根据用于制造微载体的广泛材料类别进行组织的，这些材料包括多糖，蛋白质和肽，陶瓷和合成聚合物。另外，还包括复合微载体，其包含多种材料类型或仿生矿化的矿物。在每种情况下，都描述了微载体的制造，加工，表征和所得功能，重点是微载体在体外支持祖细胞的成骨分化的能力及其在体内修复骨缺损的有效性。此外，还提供了该字段当前状态的摘要，