This paper compares two supercapacitor capacitance measurement methods: the method 1A of the IEC standard 62391-1 and a method utilizing the total charge stored in the supercapacitor. These two methods are applied to three supercapacitor samples with different rated capacitances from different manufacturers at various terminal voltages. Experimental results show that the capacitance determined using the IEC method decreases when the discharge current increases. Besides, the capacitance measured using the IEC method is lower than that estimated using the total charge method. Moreover, the ratio of the capacitance estimated using the total charge method to the one measured using the IEC method is greater when the supercapacitor terminal voltage is lower. These three observations on the capacitances measured using the two methods are explained by analyzing a five-branch RC ladder circuit model capturing multiple aspects of the supercapacitor physics: porous electrode structure, voltage dependence of capacitance, charge redistribution, and self-discharge.

本文比较了两种超级电容器电容测量方法：IEC标准62391-1的方法1A和利用超级电容器中存储的总电荷的方法。这两种方法适用于不同制造商在不同端电压下具有不同额定电容的三个超级电容器样品。实验结果表明，当放电电流增加时，使用IEC方法确定的电容会减小。此外，使用IEC方法测得的电容低于使用总充电法估算的电容。此外，当超级电容器端子电压较低时，使用总充电法估算的电容与使用IEC方法测得的电容之比较大。RC梯形电路模型捕获了超级电容器物理学的多个方面：多孔电极结构，电容的电压依赖性，电荷重新分布和自放电。