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Field testing of an onsite sanitation system on apartment building blackwater using biological treatment and electrochemical disinfection
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-16 , DOI: 10.1039/c9ew01106d Siva Kumar Varigala 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Meghan Hegarty-Craver 6, 7 , Srinivas Krishnaswamy 1, 2, 3 , Prakash Madhavan 8, 9, 10 , Milan Basil 8, 9, 10 , Praveen Rosario 8, 9, 10 , Antony Raj 8, 9, 10 , Viswa Barani 11, 12, 13 , Clement A. Cid 7, 14, 15 , Sonia Grego 6, 7, 16, 17, 18 , Michael Luettgen 7, 19, 20
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-16 , DOI: 10.1039/c9ew01106d Siva Kumar Varigala 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Meghan Hegarty-Craver 6, 7 , Srinivas Krishnaswamy 1, 2, 3 , Prakash Madhavan 8, 9, 10 , Milan Basil 8, 9, 10 , Praveen Rosario 8, 9, 10 , Antony Raj 8, 9, 10 , Viswa Barani 11, 12, 13 , Clement A. Cid 7, 14, 15 , Sonia Grego 6, 7, 16, 17, 18 , Michael Luettgen 7, 19, 20
Affiliation
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The Closed Loop Advanced Sanitation System (CLASS) was designed to treat, disinfect, and recycle toilet blackwater from existing flush toilets in a multi-story apartment building. Two systems were tested at two unique sites in Coimbatore, India for a combined 7500+ treatment hours resulting in more than 180 000 L of treated water. The CLASS prototypes used a combination of biological pretreatment and electrochemical oxidation processes to produce treated water that nearly met the stringent requirements outlined in the standard ISO 30500. The nutrient and organic loading from the toilet blackwater was predominantly reduced by over 85–95% and 80–87%, respectively, through biological processes that were achieved using either a sequencing batch reactor (SBR, site A) or an anaerobic–aerobic biodigester (EcoSan, site B). Complete disinfection of E. coli with nil CFU per ml was achieved using electrochemical processes that also served to remove the remaining organic and nutrient loading to over 90–96%. The treated water was reused for flushing by the residents of the apartment building for 89 days.
中文翻译：
使用生物处理和电化学消毒的公寓建筑黑水现场卫生系统的现场测试
闭环高级卫生系统（CLASS）设计用于处理，消毒和回收多层公寓楼中现有抽水马桶中的马桶黑水。在印度哥印拜陀的两个独特地点测试了两个系统，总共进行了7500多个小时的处理，产生了超过180000 L的处理水。CLASS原型结合了生物预处理和电化学氧化工艺来生产经过处理的水，这些水几乎满足标准ISO 30500中列出的严格要求。厕所黑水的营养和有机负荷主要减少了85-95％和80 –87％分别是通过使用分批测序反应器（SBR，位置A）或厌氧-好氧生物消化器（EcoSan，位置B）实现的生物过程实现的。彻底消毒使用电化学过程可以达到每毫升无CFU的大肠杆菌，该过程还可以将残留的有机物和营养物的含量去除到90-96％以上。经过处理的水由公寓楼居民重新用于冲洗89天。
更新日期：2020-03-16
中文翻译：
使用生物处理和电化学消毒的公寓建筑黑水现场卫生系统的现场测试
闭环高级卫生系统（CLASS）设计用于处理，消毒和回收多层公寓楼中现有抽水马桶中的马桶黑水。在印度哥印拜陀的两个独特地点测试了两个系统，总共进行了7500多个小时的处理，产生了超过180000 L的处理水。CLASS原型结合了生物预处理和电化学氧化工艺来生产经过处理的水，这些水几乎满足标准ISO 30500中列出的严格要求。厕所黑水的营养和有机负荷主要减少了85-95％和80 –87％分别是通过使用分批测序反应器（SBR，位置A）或厌氧-好氧生物消化器（EcoSan，位置B）实现的生物过程实现的。彻底消毒使用电化学过程可以达到每毫升无CFU的大肠杆菌，该过程还可以将残留的有机物和营养物的含量去除到90-96％以上。经过处理的水由公寓楼居民重新用于冲洗89天。
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