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The health effects of ultrafine particles.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ( IF 9.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 , DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0403-3
Dean E Schraufnagel 1
Affiliation  

Ultrafine particles (PM0.1), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM2.5), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lung. Their toxicity is increased with smaller size, larger surface area, adsorbed surface material, and the physical characteristics of the particles. Exposure to PM0.1 induces cough and worsens asthma. Metal fume fever is a systemic disease of lung inflammation most likely caused by PM0.1. The disease is manifested by systemic symptoms hours after exposure to metal fumes, usually through welding. PM0.1 cause systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation changes that predispose individuals to ischemic cardiovascular disease and hypertension. PM0.1 are also linked to diabetes and cancer. PM0.1 can travel up the olfactory nerves to the brain and cause cerebral and autonomic dysfunction. Moreover, in utero exposure increases the risk of low birthweight. Although exposure is commonly attributed to traffic exhaust, monitored students in Ghana showed the highest exposures in a home near a trash burning site, in a bedroom with burning coils employed to abate mosquitos, in a home of an adult smoker, and in home kitchens during domestic cooking. The high point-source production and rapid redistribution make incidental exposure common, confound general population studies and are compounded by the lack of global standards and national reporting. The potential for PM0.1 to cause harm to health is great, but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown and calls for more research.

中文翻译:

超细颗粒对健康的影响。

空气中大量存在的超细颗粒(PM0.1)对健康构成威胁。它们通常通过肺部进入人体,但易位至所有器官。与微粒(PM2.5)相比,它们引起更多的肺部炎症,并且在肺部的保留时间更长。它们的毒性随着尺寸的减小,表面积的增加,表面材料的吸附以及颗粒的物理特性而增加。暴露于PM0.1会引起咳嗽并加剧哮喘。金属烟热是最可能由PM0.1引起的全身性肺部疾病。暴露于金属烟雾后数小时,通常通过焊接,出现全身症状即可表明该病。PM0.1会引起全身性炎症,内皮功能障碍和凝血变化,使个体易患缺血性心血管疾病和高血压。PM0.1也与糖尿病和癌症有关。PM0.1会沿嗅神经向上传播至大脑,并导致大脑和自主神经功能障碍。此外,子宫内接触会增加出生体重不足的风险。尽管接触通常是由于交通尾气造成的,但在加纳,受监控的学生在垃圾焚烧场附近的房屋中,在使用燃烧线圈消灭蚊子的卧室中,成年吸烟者的房屋中以及在家庭厨房中的暴露量最高。家庭烹饪。高点源生产和快速再分配使偶然的接触变得普遍,混淆了一般的人口研究,并且由于缺乏全球标准和国家报告而更加复杂。PM0.1对健康造成危害的可能性很大,但它们在许多疾病中的确切作用仍然未知,需要进行更多研究。1也与糖尿病和癌症有关。PM0.1会沿着嗅觉神经到达大脑,并导致大脑和自主神经功能障碍。此外,子宫内接触会增加出生体重不足的风险。尽管接触通常是由于交通尾气造成的,但在加纳,受监控的学生在垃圾焚烧场附近的房屋中,在使用燃烧线圈消灭蚊子的卧室中,成年吸烟者的房屋中以及在家庭厨房中的暴露最高。家庭烹饪。高点源生产和快速再分配使偶然接触变得普遍,使一般人群研究混乱,并且由于缺乏全球标准和国家报告而更加复杂。PM0.1对健康造成危害的可能性很大,但它们在许多疾病中的确切作用仍然未知,需要进行更多研究。1也与糖尿病和癌症有关。PM0.1会沿着嗅觉神经到达大脑,并导致大脑和自主神经功能障碍。此外,子宫内接触会增加出生体重不足的风险。尽管接触通常是由于交通尾气造成的,但在加纳,受监控的学生在垃圾焚烧场附近的房屋中,在使用燃烧线圈消灭蚊子的卧室中,成年吸烟者的房屋中以及在家庭厨房中的暴露量最高。家庭烹饪。高点源生产和快速再分配使偶然的接触变得普遍,混淆了一般的人口研究,并且由于缺乏全球标准和国家报告而更加复杂。PM0.1对健康造成危害的可能性很大,但它们在许多疾病中的确切作用仍然未知,需要进行更多研究。
更新日期:2020-04-24
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