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Active steroid hormone synthesis renders adrenocortical cells highly susceptible to type II ferroptosis induction.
Cell Death & Disease ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 , DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2385-4
Isabel Weigand 1 , Jochen Schreiner 1 , Florian Röhrig 2 , Na Sun 3 , Laura-Sophie Landwehr 1 , Hanna Urlaub 1 , Sabine Kendl 1 , Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades 4, 5 , Margaret E Wierman 4, 5 , José Pedro Friedmann Angeli 6 , Axel Walch 3 , Silviu Sbiera 1 , Martin Fassnacht 1, 7, 8 , Matthias Kroiss 1, 7
Affiliation  

Conditions of impaired adrenal function and tissue destruction, such as in Addison's disease, and treatment resistance of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) necessitate improved understanding of the pathophysiology of adrenal cell death. Due to relevant oxidative processes in the adrenal cortex, our study investigated the role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death mechanism and found high adrenocortical expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and long-chain-fatty-acid CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4) genes, key factors in the initiation of ferroptosis. By applying MALDI mass spectrometry imaging to normal and neoplastic adrenocortical tissue, we detected high abundance of arachidonic and adrenic acid, two long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which undergo peroxidation during ferroptosis. In three available adrenal cortex cell models (H295R, CU-ACC1 and CU-ACC-2) a high susceptibility to GPX4 inhibition with RSL3 was documented with EC50 values of 5.7 × 10-8, 8.1 × 10-7 and 2.1 × 10-8 M, respectively, while all non-steroidogenic cells were significantly less sensitive. Complete block of GPX4 activity by RSL3 led to ferroptosis which was completely reversed in adrenal cortex cells by inhibition of steroidogenesis with ketoconazole but not by blocking the final step of cortisol synthesis with metyrapone. Mitotane, the only approved drug for ACC did not induce ferroptosis, despite strong induction of lipid peroxidation in ACC cells. Together, this report is the first to demonstrate extraordinary sensitivity of adrenal cortex cells to ferroptosis dependent on their active steroid synthetic pathways. Mitotane does not induce this form of cell death in ACC cells.

中文翻译:


活性类固醇激素合成使肾上腺皮质细胞对 II 型铁死亡诱导高度敏感。



肾上腺功能受损和组织破坏(例如艾迪生氏病)和肾上腺皮质癌(ACC)的治疗耐药性需要提高对肾上腺细胞死亡病理生理学的了解。由于肾上腺皮质中的相关氧化过程,我们的研究调查了铁死亡(一种铁依赖性细胞死亡机制)的作用,发现肾上腺皮质中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 4 (GPX4) 和长链脂肪酸 CoA 连接酶 4 (ACSL4) 的高表达)基因,铁死亡启动的关键因素。通过对正常和肿瘤性肾上腺皮质组织应用 MALDI 质谱成像,我们检测到高丰度的花生四烯酸和肾上腺酸,这两种长链多不饱和脂肪酸在铁死亡过程中会发生过氧化。在三种可用的肾上腺皮质细胞模型(H295R、CU-ACC1 和 CU-ACC-2)中,记录了 RSL3 对 GPX4 抑制的高敏感性,EC50 值为 5.7 × 10-8、8.1 × 10-7 和 2.1 × 10-7 8 M,而所有非类固醇生成细胞的敏感性明显较低。 RSL3完全阻断GPX4活性导致铁死亡,在肾上腺皮质细胞中,通过用酮康唑抑制类固醇生成可以完全逆转铁死亡,但用美替拉酮阻断皮质醇合成的最后步骤则不能逆转。米托坦是唯一被批准用于 ACC 的药物,尽管它能强烈诱导 ACC 细胞中的脂质过氧化,但它不会诱导铁死亡。总之,这份报告首次证明了肾上腺皮质细胞对铁死亡的非凡敏感性取决于其活性类固醇合成途径。米托坦不会诱导 ACC 细胞发生这种形式的细胞死亡。
更新日期:2020-03-19
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