Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems have many unique benefits compared to conventional plugged-in systems. The coupling pads in IPT systems are inevitably misaligned in many practical applications, thus leading to variations of the transferred power and efficiency that necessitate the use of complicated control for output regulation. A common solution is to use two IPT converters with opposite trends of output to pad misalignment, so that the total output voltage or current could be kept near constant for large coupling variations. However, methods for deriving effective configurations for such hybrid IPT converters and their achievable tolerance to the misalignment are still missing. This article constructs a family of hybrid IPT topologies, including input-parallel–output-parallel, input-parallel–output-series, input-series–output-parallel (ISOP), and input-series–output-series for delivering a constant current (CC) or a constant voltage (CV). Design principles and characteristics for all the hybrid systems with near load-independent output and high tolerance to pad misalignment are derived and discussed in detail. Based on this family of configurations, this article also combines some existing IPT topologies and derives multiple hybrid converters for CC or CV output by using a simple duty cycle control. Finally, a 3.5-kW hybrid IPT prototype converter based on the ISOP structure is built to verify the theoretical analysis.

中文翻译：

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一系列混合 IPT 拓扑，具有接近于负载独立的输出和对焊盘未对准的高容限

与传统的插入式系统相比，感应电能传输 (IPT) 系统具有许多独特的优势。IPT 系统中的耦合垫在许多实际应用中不可避免地未对准，从而导致传输功率和效率的变化，从而需要使用复杂的控制来进行输出调节。一个常见的解决方案是使用两个具有相反输出趋势与焊盘未对准趋势的 IPT 转换器，以便总输出电压或电流可以在耦合变化较大的情况下保持接近恒定。然而，仍然缺少为这种混合 IPT 转换器导出有效配置的方法以及它们对未对准的可实现容限。本文构建了一系列混合 IPT 拓扑，包括输入-并行-输出-并行、输入-并行-输出-串联、输入串联输出并联 (ISOP) 和输入串联输出串联用于提供恒定电流 (CC) 或恒定电压 (CV)。导出并详细讨论了所有具有接近负载独立输出和高焊盘未对准容差的混合系统的设计原理和特性。基于这一系列配置，本文还结合了一些现有的 IPT 拓扑，并通过使用简单的占空比控制为 CC 或 CV 输出派生了多个混合转换器。最后，搭建了一个基于 ISOP 结构的 3.5 kW 混合 IPT 原型转换器来验证理论分析。导出并详细讨论了所有具有接近负载独立输出和高焊盘未对准容差的混合系统的设计原理和特性。基于这一系列配置，本文还结合了一些现有的 IPT 拓扑，并通过使用简单的占空比控制为 CC 或 CV 输出派生了多个混合转换器。最后，搭建了一个基于 ISOP 结构的 3.5 kW 混合 IPT 原型转换器来验证理论分析。导出并详细讨论了所有具有接近负载独立输出和高焊盘未对准容差的混合系统的设计原理和特性。基于这一系列配置，本文还结合了一些现有的 IPT 拓扑，并通过使用简单的占空比控制为 CC 或 CV 输出派生了多个混合转换器。最后，搭建了一个基于 ISOP 结构的 3.5 kW 混合 IPT 原型转换器来验证理论分析。