The millimeter-wave (mmWave) antennas for smartphones are one of the key components to complete the transition to 5G mobile networks. Although research and development of mmWave 5G antennas for cellular handsets are currently at the center of a significant research effort in both academia and telecommunication industry, a systematic antenna design approved by wireless community has not been proposed yet. With this communication, we propose a novel, high gain, wide band and compact mmWave 5G antenna, namely clover antenna for cellular handsets. The presented antenna has clover like conductor profile whose parameters can be adjusted to obtain high gain or wide band. The designed antennas are simulated with a widely used full-wave analysis tool. Numerical results of the mmWave antenna are confirmed successfully by the experimental results in ${{\text{24}}}$–${\text{28}}$ GHz band. The antenna achieves measured peak gain of ${\text{ 7.8}}$–${\text{9}}$ dBi in the band. Besides, with a ${\text{16}}$-element clover antenna array, the beam steering capability of the antenna is demonstrated. Beam steering between ${{ \pm \text{45}^\circ }}$ is achieved with low side lobe levels. Practical design considerations for the integration of the arrays in handset to obtain full-coverage in horizontal plane are investigated. The calculated spatial peak power density values of the proposed array on the outer surface of a head phantom are demonstrated for different scan angles.

中文翻译：

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适用于 5G 波束控制应用的新型紧凑型宽带高增益毫米波天线

用于智能手机的毫米波 (mmWave) 天线是完成向 5G 移动网络过渡的关键组件之一。尽管用于蜂窝手机的毫米波 5G 天线的研发目前是学术界和电信行业重要研究工作的中心，但尚未提出无线社区批准的系统天线设计。通过这种通信，我们提出了一种新颖、高增益、宽带和紧凑的毫米波 5G 天线，即用于蜂窝手机的三叶草天线。所提出的天线具有类似三叶草的导体轮廓，其参数可以调整以获得高增益或宽带。设计的天线使用广泛使用的全波分析工具进行仿真。毫米波天线的数值结果被实验结果成功证实${{\text{24}}}$——${\text{28}}$ GHz 频段。天线达到测量的峰值增益${\text{ 7.8}}$——${\text{9}}$ 频带内的 dBi。此外，与${\text{16}}$-element 三叶草天线阵列，展示了天线的波束控制能力。光束转向之间${{ \pm \text{45}^\circ }}$是通过低旁瓣电平实现的。研究了在手机中集成阵列以获得水平面全覆盖的实际设计考虑。对于不同的扫描角度，演示了头部幻影外表面上所提出的阵列的计算空间峰值功率密度值。