Successfully learning and remembering people's names is a challenging memory task for adults of all ages, and this already difficult social skill worsens with age, even in normative "healthy" aging. The own-age bias, a type of in-group bias, could affect the difficulty of this task across age. Past evidence supports an own-age bias in face processing, wherein individuals preferably attend to and better recognize faces of members of their own age group. However, the own-age bias has not been examined previously in relation to explicit face-name associative encoding and subsequent name retrieval, despite the importance of this social skill. Using behavioral and eye-tracking methodology, this cross-sectional research investigated the own-age bias for name memory (recognition and recall) and visual attention (fixation count, looking time, and normalized pupil size) when learning novel face-name pairs. Younger adult (n = 90) and older adult (n = 84) participants completed a face-name association task that tested name memory for younger and older female and male faces, while eye-tracking data were recorded. The visual attention variables taken from the eye-tracking data showed significant age-of-face effects at both encoding and retrieval, but no overall own-age bias in attention. Both younger and older participants showed an own-age bias in name recall with better memory for names paired with faces of their own age, as compared to other-aged faces. This cross-over effect for name memory suggests that memory for information with high social and affective relevance to the individual may be relatively spared in aging, despite overall age-related declines in memory performance.

中文翻译：

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人脸名称关联中的年龄偏见：来自年轻人和老年人的记忆力和视觉注意力的证据。

对于各个年龄段的成年人来说，成功地学习和记住人们的名字都是一项艰巨的记忆任务，而且即使在规范的“健康”衰老中，这种已经很困难的社交技能也会随着年龄的增长而恶化。自己的年龄偏见是一种群体内偏见，可能会影响跨年龄的这项任务的难度。过去的证据支持在面部处理过程中出现自己的年龄偏见，在这种情况下，个人最好照看并更好地识别自己年龄段的成员的面部。但是，尽管此年龄技能的重要性，但先前尚未针对显式的面孔名称关联编码和随后的名称检索来检查自己的年龄偏见。这项横断面研究使用行为和眼动追踪方法，研究了姓名记忆（识别和回忆）和视觉注意力（注视次数，寻找时间，和标准化的瞳孔大小）在学习新颖的面孔名称对时。较年轻的成年人（n = 90）和较年长的成年人（n = 84）参与者完成了一个人脸名称关联任务，该任务测试了年轻人和老年人的男女面孔的名字记忆，同时记录了眼动数据。从眼睛跟踪数据中获取的视觉注意变量在编码和检索时均显示出明显的面部年龄效应，但在注意力方面没有总体年龄偏见。与其他年龄的面孔相比，年龄较小和较早的参与者在名字记忆方面都表现出了自己的年龄偏见，对与自己年龄相匹配的名字的记忆力更好。名称记忆的这种交叉效应表明，尽管与年龄相关的总体记忆能力下降，但与个人具有较高社会和情感相关性的信息记忆可能相对较不老化。