OBJECTIVE Menopausal transition has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), mainly attributed to atherogenic dyslipidaemia, central obesity and insulin resistance. Whether arterial hypertension (AH) also contributes to menopause-associated CVD is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate and meta-analyze the best available evidence regarding the association between early menopause (EM) and AH risk. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus databases, up to January 20th, 2020. Data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). The I2 index was employed for heterogeneity. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the quantitative analysis (273,994 postmenopausal women, 76853 cases with AH). Women with EM (age at menopause <45 years) were at higher AH risk compared with those of normal age at menopause (>45 years) (OR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.01-1.19, p = 0.03; I2 79 %). The direction or the magnitude of this association remained significant when the analysis was restricted to studies including groups matched for potential confounders, such as age, BMI, smoking or the use of menopausal hormone therapy or oral contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS Women with EM have an increased risk for AH compared with those of normal age at menopause.

中文翻译：

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提前绝经与动脉高血压风险增加有关：系统评价和荟萃分析

目的 更年期过渡与心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险增加有关，主要归因于致动脉粥样硬化的血脂异常、向心性肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。目前尚不清楚动脉高血压（AH）是否也会导致更年期相关的心血管疾病。本研究的目的是系统地调查和荟萃分析有关提前绝经 (EM) 与 AH 风险之间关联的最佳可用证据。方法 在 PubMed、CENTRAL 和 Scopus 数据库中进行了全面搜索，截止日期为 2020 年 1 月 20 日。数据表示为具有 95% 置信区间 (CI) 的优势比 (OR)。I2 指数用于异质性。结果 10 项研究被纳入定量分析（273,994 名绝经后妇女，76853 例 AH）。EM 女性（更年期年龄 < 45 岁）与绝经时正常年龄（> 45 岁）相比，AH 风险更高（OR 1.10，95 % CI 1.01-1.19，p = 0.03；I2 79 %）。当分析仅限于包括匹配潜在混杂因素（例如年龄、BMI、吸烟或使用更年期激素疗法或口服避孕药）的组的研究时，这种关联的方向或幅度仍然显着。结论 与绝经时正常年龄的女性相比，患有 EM 的女性患 AH 的风险增加。吸烟或使用更年期激素疗法或口服避孕药。结论 与绝经时正常年龄的女性相比，患有 EM 的女性患 AH 的风险增加。吸烟或使用更年期激素疗法或口服避孕药。结论 与绝经时正常年龄的女性相比，患有 EM 的女性患 AH 的风险增加。