Abstract Biofouling occurs at any wet structure including external surface and internal pore walls. Although the external surface biofouling can be limited by conventional methods, mitigating biofouling on the internal pore walls is still challenging. To address this issue, a novel pressure-assisted strategy was designed to tailor porous membrane surface for forming an in-depth multifunctional coating layer. The built ultrathin coating (ca. 26.3 nm) with hydrated and antimicrobial functions emerged on both external surface and inner pore walls of membranes via π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding and entanglements under unique pressure assistance. Such in-depth surface tuned porous membrane can achieve high separation performance (water flux ~ 519.7 L m−2 h−1, BSA rejection ~95.1%), excellent fouling-resistance (FRR~94.2%) and superior antimicrobial effects (>99%) simultaneously. Our pressure-assisted in-depth modification strategy can open a new door to constructing omni-directional anti-fouling membrane towards highly efficient water treatments, and inspire abundant porous material modifications for diverse applications such as marine anticorrosion, adsorption separation and drug controlled release.

中文翻译：

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多孔膜的压力辅助深度亲水剪裁实现高透水性、优异的抗污染性和卓越的抗菌能力

摘要 生物污垢发生在任何湿结构中，包括外表面和内孔壁。尽管外表面生物污垢可以通过常规方法来限制，但减轻内孔壁上的生物污垢仍然具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，设计了一种新的压力辅助策略来定制多孔膜表面以形成深度的多功能涂层。在独特的压力辅助下，通过 π-π 相互作用、氢键和缠结，在膜的外表面和内孔壁上出现了具有水合和抗菌功能的超薄涂层（约 26.3 nm）。这种深度表面调谐多孔膜可以实现高分离性能（水通量~519.7 L m-2 h-1，BSA截留~95.1%），优异的抗污染性（FRR~94. 2%) 和卓越的抗菌效果 (>99%) 同时。我们的压力辅助深度改性策略可以为构建全方位防污膜以实现高效水处理打开一扇新的大门，并为海洋防腐、吸附分离和药物控释等多种应用激发丰富的多孔材料改性。