The translational neuroscience of moral cognitions draws together developments throughout the fields of neuroscience pertaining to moral cognitions in order to better the human condition. That condition, seen through this lens, is one in which much of the violence and suffering we endure and inflict upon one another is based on moral cognitions-attitudes, beliefs, judgments-that are thought to result from correct or incorrect perceptions of moral properties. The biology tells a different story; namely, that moral cognitions, like other cognitions and mental states, are predicted and determined by biological mechanisms modulated by genotype, neurotransmitter availability and receptor density, neurophysiology, and individual differences among these as well as biology-environment interactions including nutrition, experience, and microbiome. A wealth of research has demonstrated that moral reasoning and judgments are easily alterable with the application of pharmaceuticals including SSRIs, and simpler treatments and conditions like the amount of time since one's last meal. Public health experts have pushed for analysis of violence and development of interventions treating violence as a public health pandemic. We see this research as a response to that call. Work in this field demonstrates that we are unaware of both the sources and nature of the cognitions on which we base much of our violent behaviors, societally and individually. Animal studies bolster the human subjects research, demonstrating the evolutionary roots of the causal mechanisms beneath our social structures and group formations.

中文翻译：

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道德认知的生物标志物：神经递质和神经肽的现状和未来展望。

道德认知的翻译神经科学将涉及道德认知的整个神经科学领域的发展汇集在一起​​，以改善人类的处境。从这种角度看，这种状况是我们忍受并彼此施加的许多暴力和痛苦的基础是道德认知，即态度，信念和判断，它们被认为是由对道德属性的正确或不正确的理解造成的。生物学讲述了一个不同的故事。也就是说，道德认知与其他认知和精神状态一样，是由基因型，神经递质的可利用性和受体密度，神经生理学以及这些个体之间的个体差异以及包括营养，经验和微生物组。大量研究表明，通过使用包括SSRI在内的药物以及更简单的治疗方法和条件（例如自上次进餐以来的时间），道德推理和判断很容易改变。公共卫生专家已推动对暴力进行分析，并制定了将暴力视为一种公共卫生大流行的干预措施。我们认为这项研究是对这一呼吁的回应。在这一领域的工作表明，我们没有意识到我们许多社会和个人暴力行为所基于的认知的来源和本质。动物研究加强了对人类主题的研究，表明了我们社会结构和群体形成下的因果机制的进化根源。